法定刑的修订趋势及其反思  

The Revision of Statutory Penalty:A Reflection on Its Trend

作　　者：孙万怀[1] 崔晓 Sun Wanhuai;Cui Xiao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2021年第5期30-51,共22页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“健全支持民营经济发展的刑事法治研究”(20&ZD198)子课题“民营企业刑事风险规制研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：综览历部刑法修正案,死刑废止进程减缓、无期徒刑增加、轻刑种呈现萎缩趋势、法定刑的调整比例中提高法定最高刑占比最高、附加刑加重等都凸显了立法上的重刑化趋势。风险社会下刑罚的调整并在一定领域有所扩张具有合理性,但不应成为一种常态。刑罚的预防作用应当被谨慎评估,刑法积极地参与社会治理蕴含着巨大风险,刑法修正案并未完整地体现宽严相济的刑事政策。从宣告刑的横向比较来看,我国大陆刑罚判决人数已然重刑占比过高,重刑化的修法观念实无必要,刑罚配置的轻缓化才是刑法修正的应然走向:(1)行为的危害性程度由法益类型和可谴责性决定,以此决定报应程度,进而划定刑罚边界;(2)一般预防应由主观内容和罪名的司法适用频率决定,并可在报应划定刑罚边界的基础上降低法定最高刑;(3)法定最高刑为死刑、无期徒刑及15年有期徒刑的部分罪名法定刑配置过重,需要重新调整以适应刑罚轻缓化要求。An overview of the amendments to the criminal law shows a trend toward severe punishment in legislation,which is evidenced by such changes as the slowing down of the abolition of death penalty,the increase in life imprisonment,the trend of shrinking in the types of light penalties,the highest proportion of enhancing maximum statutory penalty in the adjustment rate of the statutory penalty,and the aggravation of additional punishment.In a risk society,it is reasonable to adjust and expand penalties in certain fields,but it should not become a norm.The preventive effect of penalty should be evaluated carefully.The active participation of criminal law in social governance contains huge risks and the amendments to the criminal law does not correctly implement the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy.From the horizontal comparison of declared penalty,the proportion of people who are sentenced to severe punishments in China’s mainland is too high,and there is no need to revise the law with a tendency to impose heavier penalties.As a result,the softening of penalty configuration is the inevitable trend of criminal law amendment.That is,the following factors should be taken into consideration:(1) the degree of harm inflicted by the behavior is determined by the type of legal interest and culpability,which determines the degree of retribution,and then delimits the penalty boundary;(2) general prevention should be determined by the subjective content and the judicial application frequency of the crime,and it can further reduce the legal maximum penalty on the basis of the penalty boundary that has been delimited by retribution;(3) the statutory maximum penalty including the death penalty,life imprisonment and 15 years’ imprisonment is so heavy for some specific charges that it should be readjusted to meet the requirements of criminal penalty mitigation.

关 键 词：刑法修正 刑罚 重刑化 刑罚配置 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]