基于生态风险路径识别与风险过程干预的矿业城市生态格局优化  

Ecological Pattern Optimization of Mining Cities Based on Ecological Risk Path Identification and Risk Process Intervention

作　　者：李绥 吴尚遇[3] 石铁矛 周诗文[5] 周雪轲[5] LI Sui;WU Shangyu;SHI Tiemao;ZHOU Shiwen;ZHOU Xueke

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学生态规划与绿色建筑研究院,沈阳110168 [2]沈阳建筑大学辽宁省城市信息与空间感知重点实验室,沈阳110168 [3]沈阳大学环境学院,沈阳110044 [4]沈阳建筑大学空间规划与设计研究院,沈阳110168 [5]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院,沈阳110168

出　　处：《中国园林》2022年第1期82-87,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于多要素生态风险过程的矿业城市空间格局优化方法”(编号51978421);辽宁省自然科学基金面上项目(编号2021-MS-244);住房和城乡建设部软科学研究项目(编号R20210795)共同资助。

摘　　要：矿业开采造成的非点源污染、化学物质迁移等生态风险过程受到景观格局的显著影响,准确识别源汇景观之间生态流所形成的风险路径,是科学干预生态风险、精准实施生态治理的前提。以中国最重要的镁矿基地大石桥市为研究区,在实地样本检测的基础上,考虑地形、土壤、水文等外部条件对镁离子非点源污染过程的影响,在改进的最小累积阻力模型中,引入了包括地形湿度指数、CN值、特征污染物浓度等影响因子构建阻力面,识别镁离子输出风险区与空间迁移的风险路径。针对风险路径的空间分布,提出了加强景观连通度与降低风险暴露度的修复策略,调整风险路径密集区域用地的结构与组分,提升景观结构对风险扩散的阻断能力,构建了"三区两源、一轴五带、多廊多点多组团"的生态格局,从格局优化的途径实现对风险过程的干预。The ecological risk processes such as non-point source pollution and chemical substance migration caused by mining are significantly affected by the landscape pattern. Accurately identifying the risk path formed by the ecological flows between the source and sink landscapes is a scientific intervention in the ecological risk and precise implementation of ecological governance Premise. This article takes Dashiqiao City, the most important magnesium mine base in China, as the research area. Based on field sample testing, considering the impact of terrain, soil, hydrology and other external conditions on the process of magnesium ion non-point source pollution, the minimum cumulative resistance is adopted in the model, influencing factors including terrain humidity,underlying surface CN value, and pollutant concentration are introduced to construct a resistance surface, and the risk path of magnesium ion output risk area and spatial migration is identified.Aiming at the spatial distribution of risk paths, a restoration strategy to strengthen landscape connectivity and reduce risk exposure is proposed, and the structure and composition of land used in dense risk paths are adjusted to construct three areas, two sources, one axis, five belts, and multiple corridors and multiple points. The multi-cluster ecological pattern realizes intervention in the risk process through pattern optimization.

关 键 词：风景园林 生态风险 路径 景观格局 生态过程 矿业城市 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]