利用红外相机技术监测道路对野生动物丰富度的影响——以观音山国家级自然保护区道路为例  

Impacts of a road on abundance of wild animals through infrared camera monitoring:a case study of road inside Guanyinshan National Nature Reserve

作　　者：苏宇晗 蔡琼 朱自煜 何祥博 刘雪华[1] Melissa Songer SOO Yu Han;CAI Qiong;ZHU Ziyu;HE Xiangbo;LIU Xuehua;Melissa Songer(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Shaanxi Guanyinshan National Nature Reserve,Foping 723400,China;Shaanxi Foping National Nature Reserve,Foping 723400,China;Conservation Ecology Center,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute,FrontRoyal,Virginia 22630,USA)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]陕西省观音山国家级自然保护区,佛坪723400 [3]陕西省佛坪国家级自然保护区,佛坪723400 [4]Conservation Ecology Center,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute,Front Royal,Virginia 22630,USA

出　　处：《兽类学报》2022年第1期49-57,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41671183);原国家林业局大熊猫国际合作专项(2017年项目)。

摘　　要：2014年7月至2018年10月,利用20台红外相机监测陕西观音山国家级自然保护区一条内部道路对兽类和鸟类活动的影响。监测期间获得照片16168张,共鉴定到13种兽类和14种鸟类,包括4种国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物和7种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物。结果显示,距道路的距离越远,出现的物种种类越多。有2种兽类只活动于距离道路100 m以外的范围,表明特定兽类对道路表现出明显的回避效应;鸟类对道路的回避效应更加明显,有8种鸟类只能在距离道路50 m外被观测到。但夜间车辆减少的道路可为大中型兽类如扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor)提供夜间移动的便利,使得近道路的扭角羚夜间活动强度增加。与其他距离相比,只有5 m朝向道路的野猪(Sus scrofa)的夜间活动强度有小高峰,以回避该距离上昼间的人为干扰。仅距离道路100 m的红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)的活动时间与其他研究相似,表明靠近道路的红腹锦鸡改变了活动时间以适应道路带来的干扰。研究结果初步证明道路对鸟兽活动有一定的影响,建议观音山国家级自然保护区开展全区的道路生态学研究。From July 2014 to October 2018,20 infrared cameras were used to monitor the impacts of an internal road on the activities of wild mammals and birds in Guanyinshan National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi.A total of 16168 pieces of photographs were obtained with 13 species of wild mammals and 14 species of wild birds.Among the detected species,4 are listed as ClassⅠstate key protected wild animals in China and 7 as ClassⅡ.The result showed that the further away from the road,the more animal species appeared.2 species of mammals only appeared in the area that is 100 m away from the road,which indicated that certain mammals showed an obvious avoidance effect on the road.As 8 species of birds only appeared in an area 50 m away from the road,birds showed a stronger avoidance effect than mammals.However,roads with fewer vehicles at night can provide easier night mobility for certain mammals,so the intensity of activity at night of takin(Budorcas taxicolor)near the road increased.Only the wild boar(Sus scrofa)in the area 5 m away from the road showed a peak in night activity to avoid human disturbance during the day.Only golden pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus)in an area 100 m away from the road have similar activity time as other studies in Qinling.This showed that golden pheasants near the road changed their activity time to adapt to road disturbance.Our study preliminarily proved that roads have a certain impact on wild animals.We suggest studies on road ecology in the whole Guanyinshan National Nature Reserve area.

关 键 词：道路影响 红外相机技术 陕西观音山国家级自然保护区 野生动物 相对丰富度 日活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]