比较句中副词“还”的语义功能  

On the semantic function of hai in the comparative sentence

作　　者：赵万勋 ZHAO Wanxun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际文化交流学院,100872

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2022年第1期54-63,共10页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“近代汉语后期语法演变与现代汉语通语及方言格局形成之关系研究”(19ZDA310)的支持。

摘　　要：比较句中的副词"还"具有隐性否定功能,说话人通过引进一个量级更高的比较对象来否定被比较对象的极值特征,这种否定的语义后果是比较项和被比较项之间具有了程度上的递进关系。说话人对被比较项极值特征的否定可以从比较项和被比较项两个维度来识解,形成两种不同的句法语义结构,有不同的语用功能,"还"是这两种句法语义结构的词汇化形式。Adverb hai(还)in the comparative sentence has the function of implicit negation.The speaker negates the extremum characteristics of the compared object and the semantic result of the negation is that there is progressive relation by degree between the comparative object and the compared object.The speaker can negate the extremum characteristics of the compared object from the perspective of either the comparative object or the compared object,and thus two different semantic and grammatical structures with two differentpragmatic functions are formed.Hai is the lexicalized form of them.

关 键 词：比较句 副词“还” 隐性否定 反预期 语义结构 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语] H136