精子介导外源DNA转基因技术  

Research progress of sperm-mediated foreign DNA transgene technology

作　　者：李卫杰 丁巍 王朝霞[1] 徐汪节[1] LI Wei-jie;DING Wei;WANG Zhao-xia;XU Wang-jie(Laboratory Animal Center,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University School,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学实验动物中心,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学附属第九人民医院肾内科,上海200240

出　　处：《生物技术》2021年第6期607-611,600,共6页Biotechnology

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1427400)。

摘　　要：转基因技术在现代生命科学研究、药物开发、临床治疗、遗传育种等方面发挥重要作用。精子介导转基因技术(sperm-mediated gene transfer,SMGT)是以精子细胞为载体,携带外源基因进入卵细胞受精,从而获得转基因动物。该文回顾了SMGT的历史发展,简述了SMGT的分子机制,包括外源DNA与精子的相互作用、外源DNA内化入精子细胞中整合重排等,又介绍了注射转染法、电击法、脂质体法、纳米颗粒载体法,尤其是近些年来的人工精子法等技术方法的研究进展,最后分析了SMGT所存在的问题,以及对它未来发展前景进行的讨论。Sperm-mediated gene transfer(SMGT)is simple to operate,low in cost,and has a large room for development.SMGT has broad application prospects in the fields of biomedicine,animal husbandry and veterinary medicine.The molecular mechanism of SMGT is briefly described,including the interaction between exogenous DNA and sperm,internalization of exogenous DNA into sperm,integration and rearrangement.The latest developments of electroporation,cationic polymers,nanocarriers,membrane destabilizing agents and artificial spermatid in the method of combining sperm with foreign DNA are emphatically introduced.Finally,the problems of SMGT and its future development are analyzed.Provide reference for researchers who produce transgenic animals through SMGT.

关 键 词：精子 转基因 外源DNA 

分 类 号：Q782[生物学—分子生物学]