钢包引流砂烧结与钢包自动开浇率提升研究进展  

State of art in study on sintering of ladle filler sands and improvement of ladle free-opening rate

作　　者：邓志银[1,2] 彭朋 朱苗勇 DENG Zhi-yin;PENG Peng;ZHU Miao-yong(Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral Ministry of Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China;School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学多金属共生矿生态化冶金教育部重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819 [2]东北大学冶金学院,辽宁沈阳110819 [3]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《钢铁》2022年第1期1-12,共12页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51804068,52074073,U20A20272)。

摘　　要：为了提升钢包自动开浇率,总结了钢包引流砂烧结的研究与工业实践成果,阐述了引流砂的烧结性能、钢包自动开浇的影响因素及提升措施,重点关注了不同材质引流砂的烧结机理和钢液对引流砂烧结的作用机制。不同材质引流砂的烧结结构类似,一般分为烧结层(包括部分烧结层)和未烧结层。引流砂的实际烧结层很薄,而且绝大多数引流砂会呈现未烧结的状态。引流砂的烧结过程主要是液相的演变过程,烧结过程生成的液相越多,引流砂烧结越严重。合理控制烧结过程的液相生成和烧结厚度是提升合金钢钢包自动开浇率的关键。引流砂的成分和粒度、钢液的作用以及温度和停留时间等因素是影响钢包自动开浇的主要因素。钢液会参与引流砂的烧结过程,使砂中形成更多的液相,从而加速引流砂的烧结,因而引流砂的开发不能忽略钢液的作用。一般情况下,在常规钢种生产中,铬质引流砂可获得很高的钢包自动开浇率。对于合金元素(特别是锰和铝)含量很高的钢种,现有铬质引流砂和锆质引流砂的使用效果还不够理想,还需要研发新型引流砂来抑制钢液与引流砂的过度作用,以提高钢包自动开浇率。In order to avoid oxygen lancing when teeming,the studies on the sintering of ladle filler sands and the practices on ladle free-opening are summarized.The sintering properties of filler sands,and the influential factors of ladle free-opening as well as its improvement methods are introduced,while the sintering mechanism of different types of filler sands and the effect of liquid steel on sintering are discussed in detail.As reported,the sintering structures of different types of filler sands are very similar,and generally divided into sintered layer(including partial sintered layer)and non-sintered layer.The thickness of the sintered layer is quite thin,while most of the sand grains are non-sintered.The formation of the liquid phase is the key to the sintering of ladle filler sands,and more liquid generation would result in serious sintering.Proper control of the formation of the liquid phase in ladle filler sands and the thickness of the sintered layer is crucial for the teeming of alloyed steels.The composition and the size of filler sands,steel composition,temperature as well as holding time are the main influential factors to improve ladle free-opening rate.Liquid steel is involved in the sintering process and enhances the formation of the liquid phase,accelerating the sintering.The development of a new kind of filler sands should take the steel composition into account.In general,conventional chromite-based filler sands can obtain a high free-opening rate during the teeming of conventional steel grades.In case of the steel grades containing high contents of alloys(especially Mn and Al),the application result of the chromite-based and zircon-based filler sands is unsatisfied,and new types of ladle filler sands are required to restrain the acceleration of liquid steel on the sintering and improve the ladle free-opening rate.

关 键 词：引流砂 烧结 自动开浇 液相 铬铁矿 

分 类 号：TF046.4[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]