粉垄深耕结合开沟排水对土壤养分和烤烟生长发育的影响  

Effects of deep ploughing with powder ridge and ditching drainage on soil nutrients and growth and development of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：龚嘉 郑重谊 刘勇军 彭曙光 荊永锋 陈焘 周清明[1] 黎娟[1] GONG Jia;ZHENG Chongyi;LIU Yongjun;PENG Shuguang;JING Yongfeng;CHEN Tao;ZHOU Qingming;LI Juan(College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Institute of Tobacco Science,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Hunan China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.,Changsha,Hunan 410109,China;Hunan Tobacco Company Chenzhou Branch,Chenzhou,Hunan 423000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省烟草科学研究所,湖南长沙410004 [3]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司,湖南长沙410109 [4]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第2期75-81,89,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司科技项目“湖南稻作烟区合理耕层构建与土壤培肥关键技术研究与应用”(湘烟科[2017]170)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究粉垄深耕结合开沟排水对土壤养分和烤烟生长发育的影响,旨在改善冬季淹水烟田土壤环境,为优质烤烟生产提供良好的土壤条件。【方法】在郴州桂阳选取冬季常年积水的植烟田块,于晚稻收获后进行粉垄深耕,立即起垄,配合在烟垄的垂直方向开深沟(围沟深度30.5 cm,垄沟深度21.5 cm),设置常规处理(T1)、粉垄深耕(T2)、开沟排水(T3)和粉垄深耕结合开沟排水(T4)4个处理,研究不同处理对土壤理化性状及烤烟生长的影响。【结果】粉垄深耕结合开沟排水处理土壤的速效养分和有机质含量在整个生育期内均显著高于常规处理,移栽后80 d,土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和碱解氮含量较常规处理分别提高39.08%,30.78%,29.55%和21.42%。烤烟生长中后期,粉垄深耕结合开沟排水处理根系生长发育较常规处理更好,根系活力显著高于其他3个处理。移栽后80 d,各器官干物质量均显著大于常规处理。粉垄深耕结合开沟排水能调节烤后烟叶化学性状,产量和产值较常规处理显著提高了8.8%和13.4%,但对上等及中上等烟比例无显著影响。【结论】粉垄深耕结合开沟排水能提高土壤速效养分,促进烤烟根系生长发育和干物质的积累,进而提高烤烟的产量和产值。【Objective】To explore the effects of deep plowing combined with ditching and drainage on soil nutrients and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,aiming to improve the soil environment of flooded tobacco fields in winter and provide good soil conditions for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco.【Method】In Guiyang,Chenzhou,we selected tobacco-planting fields with perennial water in winter.After harvesting late rice,deep ploughing was carried out with powder ridges,and the ridges were immediately ridged,and deep ditches were made in the vertical direction of the ridges(the depth of the ditch was 30.5 cm,and the depth of the ditch was 21.5 cm).Set up four treatments:conventional treatment(T1),powder ridge deep ploughing(T2),ditch drainage(T3)and powder ridge deep ploughing combined with ditch drainage(T4)to study the effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and flue-cured tobacco growth.【Result】The content of available nutrients and organic matter of the soil treated with powder ridge deep ploughing and ditching drainage was significantly higher than that of conventional treatments throughout the growth period.80 days after transplanting,compared with conventional treatments,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen the content was increased by 39.08%,30.78%,29.55%and 21.42%respectively.In the middle and late growth period of flue-cured tobacco,the root growth and development of the powder ridge deep ploughing combined with the ditch drainage treatment was better than that of the conventional treatment,and the root vitality was significantly higher than the other three treatments.80 d after transplanting,the dry matter quality of each organ was significantly greater than that of conventional treatment.The combination of deep ploughing and ditching can adjust the chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco;the yield and output value are increased by 8.8%and 13.4%compared with the conventional treatment

关 键 词：烤烟 粉垄深耕 开沟排水 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S572.044[农业科学—烟草工业]