技能异质性劳动力选择性集聚的学习交流效应与地区生产效率——来自制造业微观企业的证据  

Learning and Idea-exchange Effects of Spatially-selective Agglomeration of Heterogeneously Skilled Workers and Regional Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms

作　　者：王蓉 夏晓华[2] 黄桂田[1] Wang Rong;Xia Xiaohua;Huang Guitian(School of Economics,Pecking University;School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [2]中国人民大学应用经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《经济科学》2022年第1期96-111,共16页Economic Science

摘　　要：本文通过构建关联高技能劳动力集聚势能(APE)指标,从理论与实证上考察了由劳动力选择性集聚带来的学习交流效应对当地制造业企业生产效率的影响。实证结果发现,高技能劳动力集聚带来的学习交流机会的增加能够通过促进企业的创新行为显著提升地区企业生产效率,其中由移民高技能劳动力集聚带来的贡献不断凸显。进一步的研究发现,APE对企业生产率的促进作用在较大的经济区域内均显著存在,移民高技能劳动力的流动与集聚削弱了区域间人才交流壁垒,促进了区域间交流合作与融合。This paper uniquely constructs agglomeration potential energy(APE) variable to measure the learning and idea-exchange opportunities and investigates how the spatially-selective agglomeration of heterogeneously skilled workers could affect the productivity of local manufacturing firms through the learning and idea-exchange effects. The results show that the agglomeration of highly skilled workers could significantly improve firm productivity by promoting local learning and idea-exchange opportunities and firm innovation, and this improvement effect is increasingly contributed by highly skilled migrant workers(APE;igrant). Further research show that this positive impact on firm productivity persists when looking into larger economic regions. Migration and agglomeration of highly skilled migrant workers weakens the barriers of learning and idea-exchange activities among regions and promotes inter-regional cooperation and integration in China.

关 键 词：生产率差距 技能异质性劳动力 偏向性技能分布 集聚 

分 类 号：F129.9[经济管理—世界经济] F427