祖宗之名与故事之形——宋代诉讼惯例的运行、因革与法理  

A Study on the Litigation System in the Song Dynasty:Focusing on the Operation,Evolution and Jurisprudential Basis of Its Judicial Conventions

作　　者：陈玺[1] Chen Xi

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学法治学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2021年第6期112-137,共26页Law and Modernization

基　　金：2016年度国家社科基金一般项目“宋代诉讼惯例研究”(16XFX002);陕西省“三秦学者”创新团队支持计划“西北政法大学基层社会法律治理研究团队”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋代诉讼程序中长期承用的各类习惯性规则或曰诉讼惯例(故事),在司法实践中发挥着指导、补充和矫正等重要功能。以此为观照点延伸来看,祖宗法度、法律故事和诉讼惯例在宋代司法实践中交融互通,呈现出名与实、形与神的三维关系结构。以"祖宗"为权威来源,以"故事"为代表形式,宋代司法场域中习惯性规则的继受、运行与变革,充分体现了宋代诉讼惯例赓续不绝、因时制宜、革故鼎新的内在特征。通过对纠弹、受案、惩赃、覆奏、恤刑、赦宥六个领域惯例规则的讨论,可大致厘清宋代各类诉讼惯例在司法实践中的运行实况。宋代诉讼惯例主要依循复旧、立新、破例和折中四种因革路径。作为诉讼惯例的宋代祖宗故事之沿革损益,深刻反映了中古时期法律创制与法律适用之间的微妙关系。宋代诉讼惯例的运行与因革,展示了祖宗之法、先朝故事和本朝故事对司法实践的广泛影响。在演进逻辑上,宋代诉讼惯例呈现出多元并进、交融互补、相互转化的构造样态。在功能意义上,诉讼惯例成为构建宋代司法传统的基本依据,完善宋代法律体系的力量源泉和实施司法裁判的重要依凭。All kinds of customary rules or litigation conventions(precedents)adopted for a long time in the proceedings of the Song Dynasty played an important role in guiding,supplementing and correcting judicial practice at that time.Viewed from this perspective,the ancestors’ statutes,legal precedents and litigation conventions,one interacting with another two,made a three-dimensional structure for observing the relationships between name and reality and between form and content.Taking "ancestors"as the source of authority and "precedents"as the representative form,the inheritance,operation and transformation of customary rules in the judicial field of the Song Dynasty fully reflected the continuous,time-based,and innovative litigation practices of the Song Dynasty.By discussing the customary rules in the following six fields:impeachment,accepting cases,punishing corrupt officials,reviewing death penalty,inspecting prisons and pardoning criminals,we can roughly clarify the actual operation of various procedural customary rules in the judicial practice in the Song Dynasty.The litigation practice in the Song Dynasty mainly followed four types of evolutionary path:rehabilitation,innovation,abolishment and compromise.The evolutionary gains and loss of the precedents as litigation conventions profoundly reflected the delicate relationship between law creation and law application in the Middle Ancient Times in China.The operation and evolution of litigation practices in the Song Dynasty showed an extensive influence exerted on the judicial practice by the ancestors’ law,the precedents of the previous dynasties and the exemplary cases of the Song Dynasty.In terms of evolutionary logic,the litigation conventions of the Song Dynasty presented a pattern of pluralistic advancement,blending and complementation,and mutual transformation.In a functional sense,litigation practice became the basis for constructing the judicial tradition of the Song Dynasty,the source of strength for perfecting the legal system of the Song Dynasty an

关 键 词：宋代 祖宗法度 法律故事 诉讼惯例 法理 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]