论同时伤害的特例  

On the Special Provision for Simultaneous Injuries

作　　者：[日]桥爪隆[1] 王昭武(译) Hashizume Takashi

机构地区：[1]日本东京大学大学院法学政治学研究科 [2]云南大学法学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2021年第6期184-196,共13页Law and Modernization

摘　　要：按照日本《刑法》第207条规定的"共同伤害的特例",在"二人以上实施暴力伤害他人的"场合,即便不能证明暴力与伤害之间存在因果关系,行为人仍然有可能成立伤害罪。因而,第207条被认为是就暴力与伤害之间的因果关系例外地规定了举证责任的倒置。第207条的适用要件是,各个暴力行为均具有引起该伤害结果的危险性,以及各个暴力行为是在同一机会之下实施的。既然可以通过适用第207条将伤害结果归责于行为人,对于由该伤害引起了死亡结果的情形,也完全有可能通过适用第207条,将死亡结果归责于行为人,认定其成立伤害致死罪。不过,第207条终究只是一种例外规定,其适用范围应限于伤害罪、伤害致死罪。另外,对于承继的共同正犯与共犯关系的脱离的情形,也有适用第207条的可能。According to the "special provision for joint injuries"stipulated in Article 207 of the Criminal Law,in the case of"two or more persons assault another causing injury",even if the causal relationship between violence and injury cannot be proved,the perpetrator may still be convicted of the crime of injury.Therefore,Article 207 is considered to provide an exception for the inversion of the burden of proof regarding the causal relationship between violence and injury.The applicable requirements of this article are that each violent act has the risk of causing the harm result,and that each violent act is carried out under the same opportunity.Since the harm result can be attributed to the perpetrator through the application of this article,it is entirely possible to apply this article to the situation where the injury caused by the perpetrator has led to the victim’s death,and it is determined that the perpetrator is guilty of causing injury and death.However,Article 207 is only an exception after all,and its scope of application should be limited to crimes of injury and crimes of causing death.In addition,it is also possible to apply this article to circumstances where the inherited joint principal offender is separated from the accomplice relationship.

关 键 词：同时伤害的特例 举证责任的倒置 暴行罪 伤害罪 机会的同一性 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]