微生物肥料发展现状及其在中药材种植中的应用  

Status Quo of Microbial Fertilizer and Application in Chinese Medicinal Herb Cultivation

作　　者：黄钦 尉广飞 常瑞雪 张乃嘦 夏从龙 董林林[2] HUANG Qin;WEI Guang-fei;CHANG Rui-xue;ZHANG Nai-jiao;XIA Cong-long;DONG Lin-lin(College of Pharmacy,Dali University,Dali 671000,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;China Medico Corporation,Tianjin 300301,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学药学院,云南大理671000 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [3]盛实百草药业有限公司,天津300301

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2022年第1期153-159,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京市科委科技新星项目(Z181100006218020)。

摘　　要：微生物肥料是含有特定微生物的新型绿色肥料,应用于作物种植生产,促进作物生长发育,提高作物产量及品质,并调节农业生态环境,在农业可持续发展中具有巨大优势和潜力。综述微生物肥料的种类,概括其在促进植物营养吸收、调节植物生长、提高植物抗病性、改良土壤环境等方面的功能,阐述其生物固氮、溶磷、解钾、产生铁载体、分泌植物激素、分泌抗生素、分泌细胞壁降解酶、诱导植物系统抗性、竞争空间位点和营养等作用机制,概述其在中药材种植中改良土壤、缓解连作、提高抗病性、提高中药材产量及品质方面的应用现状和发展潜力,为微生物肥料应用和中药无公害种植提供参考。Microbial fertilizer,a new environmentally friendly fertilizer containing specific beneficial microorganisms,is favored in crop cultivation and is of great advantage and potential in sustainable development of agriculture as it promotes crop growth and development,improves crop yield and quality,and regulates agricultural ecosystem.This paper summarized the types of microbial fertilizer,the functions of enhancing plant nutrient absorption,regulating plant growth and development,and improving plant disease resistance and soil environment,and the mechanisms behind these functions,including nitrogen fixation,phosphorus solubilization,potassiumrelease,siderophore production,plant hormone secretion,antibiotic secretion,cell wall degrading enzyme production,systemic resistance induction,and competition for spatial locus and nutrition.On this basis,the application and potential of microbial fertilizer in improving soil,relieving continuous cropping,improving disease resistance,and raising the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials were summarized,in an attempt to provide reference for the application of microbial fertilizer and pollution-free planting of Chinese medicinal materials.

关 键 词：微生物肥料 功能 作用机制 中药材 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]