旱地春玉米不同宽窄行比例对降雨再分配特征及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Wide/Narrow Ratio of Wide-Narrow Row Planting on Yield and Rainfall Re-Distribution of Dryland Spring Maize

作　　者：殷雯 张沛智 张玉佳 汪俊贤 王旭[1] 林文 YIN Wen;ZHANG Peizhi;ZHANG Yujia;WANG Junxian;WANG Xu;LIN Wen(College of agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2022年第2期17-21,共5页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2020年山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2020103);黄土高原旱地作物水氮利用关键过程研究/山西农业大学博士启动项目(2017-2020/1)。

摘　　要：为明确不同宽窄行比例对旱地春玉米降雨再分配及土壤耗水和产量的影响,本研究于2019—2020年在山西省太谷区通过大田试验,以四种宽窄行种植模式为处理,分别为KZ1(宽行80 cm,窄行20 cm)、KZ2(宽行70 cm,窄行30 cm)、KZ3(宽行60 cm,窄行40 cm)和对照CK(行距50 cm),分析不同种植模式对叶面积指数、穿透雨、茎秆流、冠层截流、土壤耗水、产量的影响。结果表明,少雨年份和多雨年份拔节期、开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期叶面积指数最高的处理分别是KZ3和KZ2;KZ1处理穿透比例高,KZ3处理茎秆流比例高。对降雨再分配3个比例进行主成分分析,第一主成分贡献率59.15%,且茎秆流比例和穿透比例特征向量大于截留比例;CK处理土壤耗水、总耗水较高,产量和水分利用率低;少雨年份处理KZ3耗水量低,产量和水分利用率高,多雨年份则是处理KZ2;耗水量与产量呈正相关关系(P=0.0034)。可见,宽窄行能够影响玉米植株拔节后叶面积,改变降雨再分配的茎秆流和穿透,降低土壤耗水和总耗水,增加籽粒产量和水分利用效率,最终提高产量和水分利用效率。In order to find out the influence of wide/narrow ratio of wide-narrow row planting on rainfall re-distribution,field water use and yield of dryland spring maize,a field experiment was carried out with from 2019 to 2020 with four different wide-narrow row planting patterns as KZ1(wild row space 80 cm,narrow space 20 cm),KZ2(wild row space 70 cm,narrow space 30 cm),KZ3(wild row space 60 cm,narrow space 40 cm)and CK(row space 50 cm).Leaf area index(LAI),throughfall,canopy interception,stem flow,rainfall redistribution,soil water consumption and yield was analyzed.The results showed that compared with CK,wide-narrow row planting increased LAI after jointing,which was highest for KZ3 in 2019 and KZ2 in 2020.Wide-narrow row planting impacted the ratios of stem flow,throughfall and canopy interception.For KZ1,throughfall was the highest while for KZ3,stem flow was the highest.Principal component analysis of stem flow,throughfall and canopy interception showed that the first principal component contribution rate was 59.1%.Eigenvector of stem flow and throughfall was higher than canopy interception.CK showed higher soil water consumption and field water consumption but lower yield and water use efficiency.In 2019 KZ3 showed lower water consumption and higher yield and water use efficiency.In 2020,all this occurred in KZ2.Yield and water consumption showed a significant linear relationship(P=0.0034).In conclusion,wide-narrow row planting impacted LAI after jointing,changed rainfall redistribution ratios,decreased soil water consumption and field water consumption,and finally lead to the increase of yield and water use efficiency.

关 键 词：旱地玉米 宽窄行 茎秆流 冠层截流 穿透雨 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]