不同用量化肥和猪粪对优质强筋小麦产量和品质的影响  

The Effects of Chemical Fertilizer and Pig Manure on Winter Wheat Yield and Quality

作　　者：孙文彦 尹红娟[3] 田昌玉 徐久凯 赵秉强 唐继伟 SUN Wenyan;YIN Hongjuan;TIAN Changyu;XU Jiukai;ZHAO Bingqiang;TANG Jiwei(Dezhou Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dezhou,Shandong 253015;Agricultural Integrated Service Center of Dongying City,Dongying,Shandong 257091;Dongying Technician College,Dongying,Shandong 257091)

机构地区：[1]中国农科院德州实验站,山东德州253015 [2]东营市农业综合服务中心,山东东营257091 [3]东营市技师学院,山东东营257091

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第3期1-10,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“小麦产业技术体系”(CARS-03-25);中央级公益性科研院所专项资金资助项目“不同种类有机肥土壤培肥及温室气体排放效应研究”(IARRP-2015-2)。

摘　　要：研究不同用量化肥和猪粪对优质强筋小麦产量和品质的影响,以不同氮肥类型和用量长期定位试验为平台(猪粪氮与化肥氮分别为0、60、120、180、240、300、360、420、500、600 kg/hm^(2)),分析评价猪粪氮和化肥氮不同用量对优质强筋小麦‘烟农19’产量和品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥类型和用量对小麦产量和品质影响显著,猪粪氮处理与化肥氮处理均可以显著提高‘烟农19’小麦产量和品质,且两者提升作用相当。粗蛋白、湿面筋、沉降值、千粒重、降落数值、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度、粉质质量指数、最大拉伸阻力和拉伸面积与施氮量间相关性显著,且这些品质指标间存在显著的相关性。而面筋指数、硬度指数、容重、吸水率、50 mm拉伸阻力和延伸度与施氮量间相关性不显著,这些指标与其他品质指标间相关性不强。聚类分析可以把不同氮肥类型和用量的19个处理分为2类,猪粪氮用量低于240 kg/hm^(2)或化肥氮用量低于180 kg/hm^(2),产量和品质较差,猪粪氮用量≥240 kg/hm^(2)或化肥氮用量≥180 kg/hm^(2),可实现高产优质。猪粪氮施用量240 kg/hm^(2),化肥氮施用量180 kg/hm^(2)时,可以实现小麦产量和品质的协同提高。The effects of pig manure and chemical fertilizer of different amounts on wheat grain yield and quality were comprehensively analyzed to provide a scientific nutrient management basis for improving wheat nutrition and procession quality.Winter wheat cultivar‘Yannong 19’was used as the test material in a field experiment.Pig manure and chemical fertilizer were applied at the N rate of 0,60,120,180,240,300,360,420,500 and 600 kg/hm^(2).The results showed that the type and rate of nitrogen had significant effects on the yield and quality of wheat.Pig manure N and chemical fertilizer N could significantly improve the yield and quality,and the promotion effect was similar.There were significant correlations between the nitrogen rate and crude protein,wet gluten,sedimentation value,1000-grain weight,falling number,formation time,stable time,weakening degree,farinograph quality index,the maximum tensile resistance and tensile area,and there was significant correlation among these quality indexes.There was no significant correlation between the nitrogen rate and gluten index,hardness index,bulk density,water absorption,50 mm tensile resistance and elongationand there was significant correlation between these indexes and other quality indexes.According to cluster analysis,the 19 fertilization treatments were divided into 2 categories.The yield and quality were poor when the pig manure N was lower than 240 kg/hm^(2) or the chemical fertilizer N was lower than 180 kg/hm^(2).When the pig manure N was≥240 kg/hm^(2) or the chemical fertilizer N was≥180 kg/hm^(2),the wheat yield and quality were high.Therefore,when the pig manure N was 240 kg/hm^(2) or the chemical fertilizer N was 180 kg/hm^(2),the yield and quality could increase together.

关 键 词：化肥 猪粪 冬小麦 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S141.2[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]