番茄滴灌水氮耦合效应与模式研究  

Water and Nitrogen Coupling Effects and Model Under Tomato Drip Irrigation

作　　者：罗慧[1,2] 李伏生[1] LUO Hui;LI Fusheng(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530005;Industrial Development Institute of Agri-animal,Guangxi University,Nanning 530005)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005 [2]广西大学农牧产业发展研究院,南宁530005

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第3期30-36,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：广西科技计划—基地和人才专项“喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站能力建设”(AD17195060)。

摘　　要：为探明番茄高产优质高效生产的灌溉施肥制度和最优水氮耦合模式,开展了不同滴灌水氮耦合方式对番茄产量、品质和水氮利用的影响的田间试验。结果表明:与F_(0)W_(0)(土施100%N肥基肥,降雨+补充滴灌灌水)相比,F_(2)W_(2)(交替滴灌方式施用100%N肥和80%常规灌水量)、F_(3)W_(2)(土施40%N肥基肥-交替滴灌方式追施60%N肥和80%常规灌水量)、F_(4)W_(2)(固定滴灌方式施用100%N肥和80%常规灌水量)和F_(5)W_(2)(土施40%N肥基肥-固定滴灌方式追施60%N肥和80%常规灌水量)分别提高产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力;F_(2)W_(2)处理Vc、水溶性糖含量和糖酸比分别提高42.5%、25.5%和131.9%;由主成分分析评价可知F_(2)W_(2)为番茄综合品质最优处理;用TOPSIS法评价番茄产量、品质和水氮利用可得F_(2)W_(2)为综合效益最优处理。因此,交替滴灌方式施用100%N肥和80%常规灌水量处理是最优水氮耦合模式。To explore the irrigation and fertilization system and the optimal coupling mode of water and nitrogen(N)for high-yield,high-quality and high-efficiency of tomato production under drip irrigation,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different water and N coupling modes on tomato yield,quality,and water and N use under drip irrigation.The results showed that compared with F_(0)W_(0)(100%N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer and rainfall+supplementary drip irrigation),F_(2)W_(2)(100%N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation and 80%conventional irrigation amount),F_(3)W_(2)(40%N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer,60%N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation as topdressing and 80%conventional irrigation amount),F_(4)W_(2)(100%N fertilizer via fixed drip irrigation and 80%conventional irrigation amount)and F_(5)W_(2)(40%N fertilizer applied to soil as basal fertilizer,60%N fertilizer via fixed drip irrigation as topdressing and 80%conventional irrigation amount)increased tomato yield,water use efficiency and partial productivity of N fertilizer.F_(2)W_(2) enhanced vitamin C,soluble sugar and sugar/acid ratio of tomato by 42.5%,25.5%and 131.9%,respectively.F_(2)W_(2) had the optimal comprehensive quality of tomato evaluated by principal component analysis,and the optimal comprehensive benefit of tomato yield,quality,and water and N use evaluated by TOPSIS.Therefore,100%N fertilizer via alternate drip irrigation and 80%conventional irrigation amount(F_(2)W_(2))is the optimal coupling mode of water and N for tomato under drip irrigation.

关 键 词：水氮耦合 交替滴灌 产量 品质 水氮利用 番茄 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]