贵州仙家洞和忆苦洞洞穴动物群落多样性及其环境因子的影响  

Diversity of cave animal communities and the influence of environmental factors in Xianjia cave and Yiku cave in Guizhou

作　　者：张思强 杜维锋 徐承香[1,2] 胡碧露 姜雪梅 周非 吴永英[1] 田亚军 ZHANG Si-qiang;DU Wei-feng;XU Cheng-xiang;HU Bi-lu;JIANG Xue-mei;ZHOU Fei;WU Yong-ying;TIAN Ya-jun(School of Life Sciences,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;Institute of Karst Caves,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范大学喀斯特洞穴研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第1期132-141,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1416);国家自然科学基金项目(31660152);贵州省教育厅创新群体项目(黔教合KY字[2021]013号)资助。

摘　　要：为了解矿区洞穴动物群落多样性特征及其影响因素,于2019年3月对贵州松桃锰矿区仙家洞和忆苦洞的动物进行了调查,运用主成分(PCA)综合分析了环境因子对洞穴动物群落多样性的影响,并利用潜在生态危害指数对洞穴内土壤重金属的生态风险水平进行了评价。结果表明:共获动物标本445号,隶属4门8纲18目32科,其中仙家洞178号,计38种,忆苦洞267号,计32种;香农多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数最高的分别是忆苦洞有光带(2.6222)、仙家洞有光带(6.0164)、仙家洞弱光带(0.9314)和仙家洞黑暗带(0.4027);物种数、香农多样性指数和丰富度指数均沿有光带、弱光带、黑暗带呈递减趋势;两洞动物群落间相似性总体较低。主成分分析表明,土壤有机质含量、土壤重金属污染、空气中CO_(2)含量、洞穴温度、土壤Ca含量是影响仙家洞和忆苦洞动物群落多样性的主要环境因子。潜在生态风险评价表明,仙家洞和忆苦洞分别为强生态风险和极强生态风险,Cd是两洞穴的首要污染因子。To understand the community diversity of cave animals and its influencing factors in mining area,a survey was conducted in March 2019 on the cave animals of Xianjia cave and Yiku cave in Songtao Mining Area,Guizhou Province.The effects of environmental factors on the diversity of cave animal communities were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and the ecological risk level of soil heavy metals in caves was evaluated by the Hakanson potential ecological hazard index.A total of 445 animal specimens were collected,belonging to 4 phyla,8 classes,18 orders,32 families,with 178 specimens being collected from Xianjia cave(38 species) and 267 being collected from Yiku cave(32 species).The highest Shannon index,Margalef index,Evenness index,and Simpson index were found in light zone of Yiku cave(2.6222),light zone of Xianjia cave(6.0164),weak-light zone of Xianjia cave(0.9314),and dark zone of Xianjia cave(0.4027),respectively.Species richness,Shannon index,and Margalef index decreased in the order of light zone > weak-light zone > dark zone.The similarity index between the animal communities of Xianjia cave and Yiku cave was relatively low.PCA results showed that soil organic matter content,soil heavy metal pollution,air CO_(2) concentration,cave temperature,and soil Ca content were the main environmental factors affecting the animal community diversity in both caves.The results of risk assessment of potential ecological hazards indicated that Xianjia cave and Yiku cave were at high ecological risk and extremely high ecological risk,respectively.Furthermore,Cd is the primary pollution factor in both caves.

关 键 词：洞穴动物 群落多样性 环境因子 主成分分析 松桃矿区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]