秸秆还田对甘蔗地土壤优先流运动特征的影响  

Effects of straw returning to movement characteristics of soil preferential flow in sugarcane fields

作　　者：吴晗 陈晓冰[1,2] 姜波 秦梓城 刘思佳 刘俊杰 WU Han;CHEN Xiao-bing;JIANG Bo;QIN Zi-cheng;LIU Si-jia;LIU Jun-jie(Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology for Science and Education Combined with Science and Technology Innovation Base,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室科教结合科技创新基地,广西桂林541004 [4]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第1期141-148,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41701248);广西自然科学基金项目(2017GXNSFBA198102);桂林理工大学博士科研启动基金项目(GUTQDJJ2017001)资助。

摘　　要：秸秆还田措施可改变田间土壤环境,在一定程度上影响作物生长。为探究不同秸秆还田措施对田间土壤优先流的影响,以秸秆覆盖(CM)、秸秆焚烧覆盖(BM)和无秸秆覆盖(CK)3种处理方式下的甘蔗地为研究对象,通过野外染色示踪试验,结合图像解析技术和生态学景观格局分析方法对广西不同秸秆还田措施下的甘蔗地土壤优先流运动特征进行研究。结果表明:在相同外部供水环境下,无秸秆覆盖甘蔗地土壤染色形态分化为指状和团块状,秸秆覆盖和秸秆焚烧覆盖均以团块状分化形态为主,其平均总染色面积比均显著高于无秸秆覆盖(26.0%)。无秸秆覆盖下表层染色面积比快速下降,在15~30 cm深度中秸秆覆盖和秸秆焚烧覆盖下水流运动范围快速减小,深层土壤中秸秆覆盖染色面积比变化速度最小。无秸秆覆盖下形状指数达15.54,优先流运动更集中,而秸秆覆盖和秸秆焚烧覆盖下甘蔗地平均近圆形指数为0.67,优先流弯曲程度更高,且平均邻近指数为0.87,水流连通性更好。无秸秆覆盖下平均基质流深度(3.52 cm)和边缘密度指数(11.51)均最小,但优先流比最大(73.2%),优先流空间发育程度最高。秸秆还田措施在一定程度上降低了甘蔗地土壤优先流现象,对蓄水保墒起到了积极作用。The measures of returning straw to the field can change soil environment in the field and affect crop growth.In order to explore the impacts of different straw returning measures on the preferential flow in the field,we investigated the movement characteristics of preferential flow in sugarcane fields under different straw returning measures [straw mulching(CM),straw burning mulching(BM),and non-straw mulching(CK)] in Guangxi by combining image analysis techniques with ecological landscape pattern analysis methods.The results showed that under the same external water supply environment,soil staining morphology of non-straw mulching sugarcane fields differentiated into finger-like and clump-like.Both straw mulching and straw burning mulching were mainly differentiated into clump-like.The mean total staining area ratio was significantly higher than that of non-straw mulching(26.0%).The ratio of surface staining area decreased rapidly under non-straw mulching.The water movement range decreased rapidly under straw mulching and straw burning mulching in the depth of 15-30 cm.The change rate of straw mulching staining area ratio was the lowest in the deep soil.The shape index of non-straw mulching was 15.54.The water flow movement was more concentrated.The average sub-circular index of straw mulching and straw burning mulching was 0.67 in the sugarcane field,with a higher degree of preferential flow bending,an average proximity index of 0.87,and better water flow connectivity.The average substrate flow depth(3.52 cm) and edge density index(11.51) were the smallest under non-straw mulching,but the priority flow ratio was the largest(73.2%),and the spatial development degree of preferential flow was the highest.The straw returning measures reduced the preferential flow in the sugarcane fields,with positive effects on water conservation.

关 键 词：甘蔗地 秸秆还田 景观格局 优先流 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]