嫩江流域参考作物蒸散量时空变化及其气候归因  

Spatio-temporal variation of reference crop evapotranspiration and its climatic mechanism in Nenjiang River Basin,China

作　　者：朱光磊 佟守正[1] 赵春子[2] ZHU Guang-lei;TONG Shou-zheng;ZHAO Chun-zi(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;College of Geography and Ocean Sciences,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [2]延边大学地理与海洋科学学院,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2022年第1期201-209,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23060402);中央引导地方科技发展资金吉林省重点实验室基础研究专项(202002024JC)资助。

摘　　要：为了解嫩江流域参考作物蒸散量(ET_(0))的时空变化特征,明确气候因素对流域ET_(0)的影响,应用Penman-Monteith公式计算1970—2019年嫩江流域各站点日ET_(0),分析ET_(0)的时间变化趋势和空间分布格局,采用敏感性分析方法定量研究ET_(0)对气象因子敏感性程度,并进一步探究各气象因子对ET_(0)变化的贡献。结果表明:研究期间,嫩江流域年际ET_(0)整体呈不显著减少趋势,春、夏、秋季ET_(0)波动减少,冬季波动增加;ET_(0)整体呈从东南向西北递减趋势。ET_(0)在时间和空间尺度上均表现为对相对湿度的敏感性最高;平均气温、相对湿度和风速的敏感性系数逐渐增强,日照时数的敏感性系数逐渐减弱。大兴安岭北部和小兴安岭地区ET_(0)对平均气温较敏感;大兴安岭南部和松嫩平原地区ET_(0)对风速较敏感。风速是影响全年及春、秋、冬季ET_(0)变化的主导因素,日照时数是影响夏季ET_(0)变化的主要因素。大兴安岭北部和小兴安岭地区平均气温和相对湿度对ET_(0)的贡献率最大,松嫩平原地区风速的贡献率最大。To understand the temporal and spatial variations of reference crop evapotranspiration(ET_(0)) in Nenjiang River Basin,and clarify the effects of climatic factors on ET_(0),we calculated the daily ET_(0) of each station in Nenjiang River Basin from 1970 to 2019 by Penman-Monteith formula,analyzed the temporal variation trend and spatial distribution pattern of ET_(0).We further quantitatively examined the sensitivity of ET_(0) to meteorological factors by sensitivity analysis,and explored the contribution of meteorological factors to ET_(0) changes.The results showed that ET_(0) generally showed an insignificant decreasing trend during the study period in the Nenjiang River Basin.ET_(0) decreased in spring,summer,and autumn,but increased in winter,and decreased from southeast to northwest.ET_(0) had the highest sensitivity to relative humidity at both temporal and spatial scales.The sensitivity coefficients of mean temperature,relative humidity and wind speed increased gradually,while that of sunshine hours decreased gradually.ET_(0) was sensitive to mean temperature in northern Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains,while to wind speed in southern Greater Khingan Mountains and Songnen Plain.Wind speed was the main factor affecting the change of ET_(0) in the whole year,spring,autumn,and winter.Sunshine hours was the main affecting factor in summer.The mean temperature and relative humidity had the greatest contribution to ET_(0) in the north of Greater Khingan Mountains and Lesser Khingan Mountains,and it was the wind speed in Songnen Plain.

关 键 词：参考作物蒸散量 时空变化 敏感性分析 贡献率 气候成因 嫩江流域 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]