社会化服务能推动农业高质量发展吗?——来自第三次全国农业普查中粮食生产的证据  

Can Socialized Services Promote the High-quality Development of Agriculture?An EmpiricalAnalysis Based on the Grain Production Data of the Third NationalAgricultural Census

作　　者：钟真[1] 蒋维扬 李丁[2] ZHONG Zhen;JIANG Weiyang;LI Ding

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院 [2]中国人民大学社会与人口学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2021年第12期109-130,共22页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：第三次全国农业普查研究课题“农业社会化服务对小农户生产效率的影响机制与支持政策研究”(编号:N27);国家自然科学基金面上项目“社会化服务对农业经营主体生产效率的影响机制与政策选择研究”(编号:71773134);国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于所有者与惠顾者同一性程度的中国农民合作社演化机理与政策设计研究”(编号:72073135)的资助。

摘　　要：我国农业生产高度依赖于物质要素投入的时代正在"翻篇",发展社会化服务能否推动农业进入高质量发展轨道,其效果机制尚未被有效证实。为此,本文利用第三次全国农业普查的权威数据,以农业经营主体从事社会化服务对其粮食生产参与、生产规模、生产方式的影响为例,深入分析了在"大国小农"背景下社会化服务与农业高质量发展"三大维度"之间的内在关系。分析结果显示,尽管全国各类农业经营主体从事农业社会化服务的比例还不高,但从事农业社会化服务总体上是"有利可图"的。发展农业社会化服务对改变农业经营主体的粮食生产参与、优化粮食生产规模、改进粮食生产方式均具有积极意义。这说明,发展农业社会化服务可以成为新时代农业经济增长的重要潜力点,不仅有助于促进农民增收、推动农业结构调整,还有助于保持和提高农业综合生产能力,并为实现农业生产绿色化转型提供更大可能。The era when China’s agricultural production is highly dependent on the input of material factors has quietly passed away.Whether agricultural socialized services can promote the high-quality development of agriculture has not been effectively confirmed.This study uses the authoritative data of the third national agricultural census,aiming to find out the internal relationship between agricultural socialized services and high-quality development of agriculture in three detailed dimensions:decision-making process of agricultural operators,production scale and mode of food production under the background of“big country and small farmers”.The analysis results show that the proportion of all kinds of agricultural business operators engaged in agricultural socialized services is not high in the whole country,and it is generally“profitable”to engage in agricultural socialized services.Also,the development of agricultural socialized services has significant positive effects on changing the grain production decision-making of agricultural operators,optimizing the scale of grain production,and improving their production methods.The development of agricultural socialized services has a vital promotion effect on agricultural economic growth in the new era.It will not only contribute to the sustained increase of farmers’income and the adjustment of agricultural structure,but also help to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and provide greater possibilities for the green transformation of agricultural production.

关 键 词：农业社会化服务 农业高质量发展 粮食生产 绿色化转型 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F326.6