经济方略、经济安全政策与美日对华战略新动向  

Economic Statecraft,Economic Security and New Trends in U.S.and Japan’s Policies toward China

作　　者：归泳涛[1] Gui Yongtao

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2021年第6期45-66,169,173,共24页Japanese Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“重要国家和区域”(编号:20VGQ004)。

摘　　要：在当前的大国博弈中,各国日益重视"经济方略"或"经济安全政策",使用经济手段追求国家安全和外交政策目标。全球经济和信息网络中的不对称相互依存、军民两用技术的飞速发展,以及美国对外政策观念从自由主义转向地缘政治等因素,促成了经济方略或经济安全政策的兴起。美国把中国视为高科技和地缘政治竞争中的对手,一方面不断加强针对中国的强制性经济方略,特别是技术脱钩,另一方面试图联合所谓志同道合的国家,构筑排除中国的技术联盟和供应链联盟。经济方略在削弱和遏制对手的同时也会伤及自身和盟友。日本作为美国的盟国,在仿效和追随美国的同时,强调保护和发展自身具有"战略不可或缺性"的产业,力图在防止技术流出和维持对华出口之间保持平衡。未来美日将进一步加强针对中国的经济方略或经济安全政策,但实施方式可能趋向理性和平衡,以谋求与中国的"竞争性共存"。Facing the great power competition,countries are increasingly giving weight to economic security or economic statecraft employing economic means to advance national security and foreign policy goals.The asymmetric interdependence in global economic and information networks,the rapid development of dual-use technology,and the shift of American foreign policy doctrines from liberalism to geopolitics are factors that have contributed to the contemporary rise of economic statecraft or economic security policies.Regarding China as a high-tech and geopolitical competitor,the United States is intensifying coercive economic measures against China,in particular technological decoupling,and rallying so-called like-minded countries to forge technological and supply chain coalitions that exclude China.Such economic statecraft may weaken or contain the rival power,but will harm one’s own interests and that of its allies as well.Japan,as an important ally of U.S.,follows the U.S.policy lead,while focusing on preserving and enhancing its own technologies of"strategic indispensability"and trying to strike a balance between preventing technology outflow and maintaining export to China.The United States and Japan will continue to reinforce their economic statecraft or economic security policies toward China,but are likely to act in a more rational and balanced manner to pursue the"competitive coexistence"with China.

关 键 词：经济方略 经济安全政策 供应链 美日同盟 中美日关系 

分 类 号：D822.3[政治法律—政治学]