脂滴与其他细胞器互作调控脂稳态的分子机制  

The molecular mechanisms of contacts between lipid droplets and other organelles in lipid homeostasis regulation

作　　者：刘叶阳 许梦瑶 李蓬[1,3] 黄勋 徐俐[1,3] LIU YeYang;XU MengYao;LI Peng;HUANG Xun;XU Li(State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology,Center for Life Sciences,School of Life Sciences,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学生命科学学院,清华大学-北京大学生命科学联合中心,膜生物学国家重点实验室,北京100084 [2]分子发育国家重点实验室,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101 [3]上海期智研究院,上海200030

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2022年第1期76-94,共19页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:91954207和91854104);国家重点研发计划(批准号:2018YFA0506900)资助。

摘　　要：随着影像技术的发展,越来越多的研究表明细胞器之间存在广泛的直接相互作用,其主要功能是参与物质运输、细胞器新生与生长、细胞器分裂与融合等.细胞器间的互作主要由定位于这些膜器表面的蛋白质分子相互作用介导,磷脂也在其中发挥作用.脂滴作为储存中性脂的细胞器,是细胞内脂质代谢的中心,同时对机体脂稳态的维持起着至关重要的作用.从脂质代谢的角度,内质网是多数脂质合成以及新生脂滴生成的场所,线粒体和过氧化物酶体作为脂肪酸氧化的场所,自噬小体/溶酶体则参与脂质的快速脂解,它们都直接参与脂质代谢.脂滴与内质网、线粒体、过氧化物酶体以及溶酶体都具有互作,这些细胞器互作可以调控细胞内脂质分解代谢和合成代谢,维持脂质代谢稳态以及实现机体能量平衡.本文以脂滴为中心,总结介导脂滴与内质网、线粒体、过氧化物酶体以及自噬小体/溶酶体等细胞器互作的分子以及相应的生物学功能等方面的研究进展.With the development of imaging technology, the direct contacts among organelles are observed and reported. Organelle contact plays important roles in material exchange and organelle dynamics such as biogenesis, division and fusion. Organelle contact is mediated by specific protein machineries and some kinds of phospholipids. Lipid droplets, the intracellular reservoir of neutral lipids, are the center of lipid metabolism, and play vital roles in lipid homeostasis maintenance. Lipid droplets form intimate contact with ER,mitochondria, peroxisomes and autophagosomes/lysosomes, which regulates lipid catabolism and anabolism to maintain lipid homeostasis and cellular energy balance. ER is the main site for lipid synthesis and formation of nascent lipid droplets, while mitochondria and peroxisomes are the main sites for lipid degradation. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of contact between lipid droplets and other organelles, including ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes and lysosomes and autophagosomes.

关 键 词：细胞器互作 脂滴 内质网 线粒体 过氧化物酶体 溶酶体 

分 类 号：R341[医药卫生—基础医学]