《西姆拉条约》及所谓附约《英藏贸易协定》在实践中的破产  

The Simla Convention,the So-Called Anglo-Tibet Trade Regulations and their Bankruptcy

作　　者：冯翔 Feng Xiang

机构地区：[1]云南大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2021年第4期28-50,153,154,共25页South Asian Studies

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金青年项目“基于国家认同视域下的民国涉藏报刊藏文文献整理、翻译与研究”(项目批准号:20CMZ014)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：1914年中国中央政府拒绝签字而使《西姆拉条约》无效,英国方面不甘失败,试图在具体事务上"悄悄执行"《西姆拉条约》及其所谓附约《英藏贸易协定》,以期证明该条约有效,从而达至分裂中国的效果。在贸易问题上,该政策不仅受到十三世达赖喇嘛的挑战,甚至英属印度的地方官员都根本不知道《西姆拉条约》及其附约的存在。经过实践,英属印度政府及其官员们一再发现,没有任何议题能够抛开中国中央政府而使用《西姆拉条约》及其附约来解决。这证明《西姆拉条约》及其附约不仅在法理上不具法律效力,甚至在英国人的政策贯彻中都无法得到执行。"麦克马洪线"作为《西姆拉条约》的副产品,不过是英国人搭建并植入印度执政精英脑中的"空中楼阁"。In 1914,China refused to sign the Simla Convention,thereby rendering the document ineffective.Unwilling to admit defeat,the British attempted to quietly apply the Simla Convention and its annexed Anglo-Tibet Trade Regulations in an attempt to demonstrate that the Convention had taken effect and as a means of securing its objective of dividing China.With respect to trade,this policy was not only challenged by the 13 th Dalai Lama,but more importantly the local officials of British India did not even know of the existence of the Simla Convention and its attached schedules.In practice,the government of British India and its officials found that it was impossible to disregard the Chinese central government and use the Simla Convention to resolve issues any of concern.This demonstrates that the Simla Convention and its various attachments never became legally binding,and that in practice the British policies regarding the Convention could never even be effectively implemented.As a product of the Simla Convention,the McMahon Line was never anything more than a“castle in the sky”that the British attempted to plant in the minds of Indian ruling elites.

关 键 词：《西姆拉条约》 《英藏贸易协定》 “麦克马洪线” 中印边界 英属印度 奥拉夫·卡罗 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学] K351.43[历史地理—中国史] D829.351[政治法律—政治学]