舱外航天服自动温控技术回顾与展望  

Review and Prospect of Automatic Thermal Control Technology for EVA Spacesuit

作　　者：张贺翔 李潭秋[2] 李猛 尚坤[2] 王涛[2] ZHANG Hexiang;LI Tanqiu;LI Meng;SHANG Kun;WANG Tao(Department of Graduate School,Space Engineering University,Beijing 101416,China;National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]航天工程大学研究生院,北京101416 [2]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2022年第1期135-142,共8页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：人因工程国防科技重点实验室预研基金项目(6142222180502)。

摘　　要：舱外航天服自动温控技术能为航天员节省因频繁调节温控手柄而消耗的体力和精力,从而提高舱外工作效率。简述了舱外服自动温控系统的构成,综述了人体热调节模型和代谢率模型的研究进展,总结了出舱活动期间代谢率的测算方法及各自的优缺点;回顾了舱外服自动温控方案的研究历程及其结果,评述了已有控制策略的优劣,目前俄罗斯研制的海鹰-MKC舱外服具备了自动温控技术且已达到实用阶段;在此基础上展望了舱外航天服自动温控技术未来的优化趋势和发展方向。The automatic thermal control technology for EVA spacesuit can save astronauts’ physical strength and energy consumption caused by the frequent adjustment of the thermal control handle, so as to improve the extravehicular work efficiency. The composition of the automatic thermal control system for EVA spacesuit was briefly described first in this paper. Then the research progresses of human thermoregulation model and metabolic rate model were reviewed, and the calculation methods of the metabolic rate during EVA including their advantages and disadvantages were summarized. In addition, the research history and results of the automatic thermal control scheme for EVA spacesuit were reviewed, and the pros and cons of the existing control strategies were evaluated. At present, the automatic thermal control technology of the Orlan-MKC spacesuit developed by Russia has reached the practical application stage. On this basis, the future optimization trend and development direction of the automatic thermal control technology in EVA spacesuit were prospected.

关 键 词：舱外航天服 自动温控方案 热调节模型 代谢率模型 

分 类 号：R852.83[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]