圆盘切割式蓖麻采摘装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of disc-cutting picking device of castor

作　　者：孔凡婷 王德福[1] 石磊 吴腾 陈长林 孙勇飞 谢庆 Kong Fanting;Wang Defu;Shi Lei;Wu Teng;Chen Changlin;Sun Yongfei;Xie Qing(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第23期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701301);中央级公益性科学研究院所基本科研业务费专项(S202003-03、S201931、S202111-02);中国农业科学院创新工程(棉麻类收获机械)。

摘　　要：针对现有蓖麻收获装备采摘损失率较高、对低矮植株收获适应性差的问题,该研究结合蓖麻植株的生理特性,设计一种圆盘切割式蓖麻采摘装置。该装置配套于水稻或玉米联合收获机,通过双圆盘刀对蓖麻植株进行切割分离,再经过收割机的清选完成蓖麻收获。通过对装置关键部件的受力及作业原理分析,设计其关键结构参数。并以割茬高度差和采摘损失率为评价指标,以刀盘结构类型、刀盘转速、前进速度为试验因素进行三因素三水平的正交试验,在保证割茬高度差的前提下,以采摘损失率为主要指标,利用综合平衡法确定较优参数组合。田间验证试验表明:刀盘结构类型为波浪形,刀盘转速为600 r/min,前进速度为1.1 m/s时,平均割茬高度差为0.85 mm、平均采摘损失率为3.13%,切割过程平稳、损失率低,对种植农艺适应性好,满足蓖麻收获的田间作业要求。该研究可为蓖麻收获装备的研究和设计提供参考。Castor has been one of the most important chemical raw and strategic materials in the aviation,chemical industry,automobile,fragrance,and medicine.The annual output of castor capsules is less than 200000 tons,while the annual demand is more than 400000 tons in China.Therefore,it is extremely urgent for the mechanized production of castor,particularly on the harvesting in recent years.In this study,a disc-cutting picking device was designed for the castor,according to the physiological characteristics of castor plants.The device was mainly composed of the frame,double-disc cutting,capsule recycling,feeding auger,and transmission system.The disc-cutting mechanism was first utilized to separate the castor plants,and then the plant was transported on a conveying device into the cleaning section for cleaning.An optimal combination of parameters was finally achieved for the smooth cutting free of loss,where the speed and motion trajectory were determined for the disc-cutting mechanism.Some parameters were also designed,such as the rotational speed,the radius,and the installation center distance of the cutting disc.A smooth transportation without the picking loss was implemented to quickly transfer the castor plant from the cutting mechanism to the feeding auger.A clamping force of the castor plant was calculated to determine the clamping height,spacing,and working speed of the dial-tooth chain.The structural parameters of the capsule recycling mechanism were designed to avoid the dropping from the cutting device under the vibration of the harvester.An orthogonal test was carried out with the type of cutting disc,the rotational speed of the cutting disc,and the forward speed of the harvester as the test factors,while the stubble altitude difference and picking loss rate as the indexes.The results showed that an optimal combination of parameters for the stubble altitude difference was the waved-type of the disc,the disc rotational speed was 800 r/min,and the forward speed was 0.8 m/s.The type of the disc also presented a

关 键 词：农业机械 试验 力学分析 蓖麻 采摘装置 圆盘刀 

分 类 号：S225.59[农业科学—农业机械化工程]