远洋中型单拖渔船中层拖网优化与试验  

Optimization and experiment of the mid-water trawl for ocean medium single trawlers

作　　者：周爱忠[1] 张勋[1] 冯春雷[1] 郁岳峰[1] Zhou Aizhong;Zhang Xun;Feng Chunlei;Yu Yuefeng(Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第23期28-34,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0901505)。

摘　　要：针对在中东大西洋海域作业的远洋中型单拖渔船缺乏捕捞小型中上层鱼类手段的现状,该研究通过分析大型中层拖网和中国近海大网目拖网的结构特点和水动力参数,综合大型中层拖网和近海大网目拖网的设计参数,优化设计了网口网目尺寸为12 m、网口周长分别为552、456和360 m共3个规格的试验网,并进行模型试验和海上生产试验。结果表明:在拖速为2.31 m/s时,模型试验测得552型试验网(网口周长552 m)在L/S袖端间距L与长纲长度S之比为0.35、0.40、0.453种水平下的平均阻力为151.82 kN,网口高度为28.74 m;456型(网口周长456 m)的平均阻力为135.60 kN,网口高度为24.96 m;360型(网口周长360 m)的平均阻力为70.76 kN,网口高度为20.20 m。试验船在中东大西洋海域生产试验时,552型试验网平均拖速为2.06 m/s,平均每小时产量为0.13 t,456型试验网平均拖速为2.26 m/s,平均每小时产量为0.77 t,360型试验网平均拖速为2.52 m/s,平均每小时产量为1.13 t。中型拖网渔船使用中层拖网捕捞游泳能力较强的小型中上层鱼类,需要较高的拖速,作业拖速为2.31~2.57 m/s时产量较好。试验网具部分(不计网板、曳纲)的功率消耗占主机额定功率的11%~16%。研究结果有助于设计适合中国远洋中型拖网渔船的中层拖网。Medium-sized single trawlers are still lacking to catch the pelagic fishes in the Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean in recent years.In this study,an optimal design and test were performed on the mid-water trawl for the medium stern trawler,according to the structural and hydrodynamic parameters of the current large mid-water and large-mesh offshore trawl.Three kinds of perimeters were set for the specification of net mouths in the model and offshore production,including 552,456,and 360 m.Specifically,the mesh size of net mouth was 12 m,the length of body net/circumference net-mouth was 0.217 m,and the length of wing/circumference net-mouth was 0.076 m.The results show that the average resistance of type 552(Circumference net-mouth was 552 m)was 151.82 kN,and the height of net opening was 28.74 m;the average resistance of type 456(Circumference net-mouth was 456m)was 135.6 kN and the height of net opening was 24.96 m;the average resistance of type 360(Circumference net-mouth was 360m)was 70.76 kN and the height of net opening was 20.20 m,when the trawl speed was 2.31 m/s,while,three kinds of expansion ratio were 0.35,0.40,and 0.45(wingtip space between/ground rope length L/S),respectively.A model test was also carried out in the Eastern Central Atlantic Ocean.It was found that the average yield per hour of type 552 was 0.13 t and the volume of filtered water per second was about 2442 m^(3) when the trawl speed was 2.06 m/s.Nevertheless,only 5%of the pelagic fish was captured after the detection of pelagic fish flocks,indicating the very low net output.When the trawl speed was 2.26 m/s,the average yield per hour of type 456 was 0.77t and the volume of filtered water per second was about 1927 m3.When the trawl speed was 2.52 m/s,the average yield per hour of type 360 was 1.13t and the volume of filtered water per second was about 1321 m3.The maximum towing speed of type 360 reached 2.67 m/s,and the maximum output of single net trawl operation in 4 hours reached 20t.Since type 360 presented the smallest net mouth and th

关 键 词：渔业 优化 设计 远洋中型渔船 单船中层拖网 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]