秸秆生物反应堆对温室葡萄根围土壤微环境及生长的影响  

Effects of straw biological reactor on the soil microenvironment and plant growth of grapes cultivated in greenhouse

作　　者：乔建磊[1] 郭瑞雪 刘爽[1] 王连君[1] 肖英奎[2] 秦阳 李永泉 刘屹啸 Qiao Jianlei;Guo Ruixue;Liu Shuang;Wang Lianjun;Xiao Yingkui;Qin Yang;Li Yongquan;Liu Yixiao(College of Horticulture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun 130025,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学园艺学院,长春130118 [2]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130025

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第23期52-60,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：吉林省乡村振兴专项资金(现代农业产业技术体系)项目(201922);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200403140SF);吉林省教育厅“十三五”科技重点项目(JJKH20200342KJ)。

摘　　要：为了探究秸秆生物反应堆对寒冷地区温室葡萄根系周围土壤微环境及生长的影响,在温室内开展了葡萄秸秆生物反应堆栽培试验,共设计了4个处理(秸秆2.4×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+发酵菌种配比2‰、秸秆3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+发酵菌种配比2‰、秸秆2.4×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+发酵菌种配比3‰、秸秆3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+发酵菌种配比3‰),并以常规栽培作为对照。结果表明:1)在葡萄行间设置秸秆生物反应堆的当年,地温得到了明显提升,且生物反应堆中发酵菌种配比越高,则秸秆在前期发酵越快,地温变幅越大,但秸秆生物反应堆处理对下一年地温的影响微小;2)葡萄行间秸秆生物反应堆处理可以有效提高土壤中细菌和真菌数量,且反应堆中秸秆用量较高的处理(3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2))对应的土壤细菌数量与秸秆用量较低的处理(2.4×10^(4)kg/hm^(2))之间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),但秸秆生物反应堆处理对土壤放线菌的影响相对较小;3)在秸秆生物反应堆处理的当年,土壤脲酶活性大幅升高,增幅在38.5%~68.4%,但在下一年其活性相对稳定,而土壤蔗糖酶的活性却表现出持续升高的趋势,且在反应堆中秸秆用量相同的条件下,生物发酵菌种配比为2‰和3‰处理之间的差异并不显著(P>0.05);4)在葡萄行间设置秸秆生物反应堆,可以有效提高葡萄根系活力和产量,在处理的当年,葡萄产量增幅为11.5%~17.2%,且还能促进下一年增产,增幅为9.6%~15.7%。综上,在葡萄行间设置秸秆生物反应堆处理后,根系周围土壤微环境得到明显改善,对葡萄生长产生了积极的效应,且生物反应堆中秸秆用量为3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)、发酵菌种配比为2‰时处理效果较佳。该研究结果对寒冷地区温室葡萄生产具有一定的指导意义和参考依据。The soil around the root(rhizosphere)is a critical interface for the exchange of resources between plants and the soil microenvironment.This study aims to explore the effects of straw biological reactor on the soil microenvironment and plant rhizosphere of grape growth in the greenhouse.Four experimental treatments of internal straw bioreactor were set,according to the material compositions:(maize straw 2.4×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+fermentation strain ratio 2‰),(maize straw 3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+fermentation strain ratio 2‰),(maize straw 2.4×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+fermentation strain ratio 3‰)and(maize straw 3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)+fermentation strain ratio 3‰).The conventional cultivation of grapes in the greenhouse was used as control.The results showed that the soil temperature significantly increased in the year when the straw bioreactor was conducted between the rows of the grape plant.There was a higher ratio of fermentation strains in the biological reactor,while the faster straw rotted in the early stage,as the soil temperature varied greatly.But there was a very weak effect of straw biological reactor on the soil temperature in the next year.The treatments of straw bioreactors between the rows of grape plants were effectively improved the numbers of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil.Specifically,the number of soil bacteria in the treatment with the higher straw application amount(3.6×10^(4)kg/hm^(2))was significantly different from that with the lower straw application amount(2.4×10^(4)kg/hm^(2)).However,there was a relatively weak effect of straw bioreactor on the soil actinomycetes.The soil urease activity increased significantly in the year with straw biorereactor treatment,increased by 38.5%-68.4%compared to the control group,but remained relatively stable in the next year.The activity of soil sucrase showed a continuously increasing trend under the condition of the same application amount of straw in the reactor,whereas,there was no significant difference of soil sucrase activity between the treatm

关 键 词：秸秆 温室 葡萄 生长发育 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S628[农业科学—园艺学] S154.37