煤电的低碳化发展路径研究  

Study on low-carbon development path of coal-fired power generation

作　　者：王月明[1,2] 姚明宇[1,2] 张一帆[1,2] 黄嘉驷 WANG Yueming;YAO Mingyu;ZHANG Yifan;HUANG Jiasi(Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710054,China;National Engineering Research Center of Integration and Maintenance of Clean and Low-carbon Thermal Power Generation System,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西西安710054 [2]清洁低碳热力发电系统集成及运维国家工程研究中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《热力发电》2022年第1期11-20,共10页Thermal Power Generation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51706181,51806172);陕西省青年拔尖人才资助项目(ZD-18-SST04)。

摘　　要：在我国全面建设社会主义现代化强国和"碳达峰、碳中和"2个远景目标的共同要求下,煤电不但要起到战略保障作用,还需要实现低碳化发展。讨论了煤电的定位和合理的发展规模,提出煤电的低碳化发展首先要考虑存量机组的节能提效,采用节能改造及机组延寿等技术达到提效目的;新建机组必须采用先进高效的发电技术,如超高参数超超临界发电技术以及超临界CO_(2)循环发电技术,通过降低煤耗减少碳排放;对于全部的煤电机组,需要采取包括锅炉深度调峰、控制系统调峰适应性改造、热电解耦以及储能在内的各种技术实现灵活调峰,但是需要政策支持;由于技术经济性原因,碳捕集和封存技术目前没有得到推广,可以作为实现碳中和目标的技术支撑。上述4个方面一起构成了煤电的低碳化发展路径。Under the common requirements of comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country and the long-term goals of“carbon peak and carbon neutralization”,coal-fired power generation should not only play a strategic guarantee role,but also need to realize low-carbon development.This paper discusses the positioning and reasonable development scale of coal-fired power generation.It is proposed that energy saving and efficiency improvement of existing units should be considered first in the development of low-carbon coal power,and energysaving transformation and unit life extension technologies should be adopted.Newly-built units must adopt advanced and efficient power generation technologies,such as ultra-high-parameter ultra-supercritical power generation technology and supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2)) cycle power generation technology,to reduce carbon emissions by consuming less coal.For all coal-fired power units,various technologies including boiler deep peak shaving,adaptive transformation of control system peak shaving,thermal electrolytic coupling and energy storage need to be adopted to realize flexible peak shaving,but policy support is needed.Due to technical and economic reasons,carbon capture and storage technology has not been popularized currently,which can be used as the technical support to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization.These four aspects together constitute the lowcarbon development path of coal-fired power generation.

关 键 词：碳达峰 碳中和 低碳 灵活性 超超临界 储能 碳捕集与封存 

分 类 号：TK21[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]