冰雹云卫星早期识别与自动预警  

Early Identification and Automatic Warning of Hail Clouds by Satellite

作　　者：徐小红 余兴 刘贵华 岳治国[3] 朱延年 XU Xiaohong;YU Xing;LIU Guihua;YUE Zhiguo;ZHU Yannian(Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710016;Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Meteorology for the Qinling Moutains and Loess Plateau,Xi’an 710016;Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710016)

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710016 [2]秦岭和黄土高原生态环境重点实验室,西安710016 [3]陕西省人工影响天气中心,西安710016

出　　处：《大气科学》2022年第1期98-110,共13页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC1507903;中国气象局西北区域人影科学试验项目RYSY201905;陕西省重点研发计划项目2020SF-429;中国气象局创新发展专项CXFZ2021J040。

摘　　要：利用陕西、山东、贵州和新疆等地近十年日间降雹记录和对应的极轨卫星数据,采用卫星云微物理反演技术,定量分析冰雹云微物理特征,比较不同地区间差异,并利用FY-4A静止卫星定量分析一次冰雹过程云微物理特征演变,探讨冰雹云卫星识别预警应用潜力。结果表明:(1)陕西、山东等地冰雹云微物理特征具有一致性,卫星早期识别指标为:晶化温度(T_(g))较冷,均值为−33℃;全部冰晶化时T_(g)对应的云粒子有效半径r_(e) (表征为r_(eg))未饱和(<40μm),均值36.9μm,且r_(eg)越小冰雹云越强;云顶呈现r_(e) 随高度减小带。(2)各地冰雹云早期识别指标在数值上存在一定差异,实际应用时应针对各地进行相应调整。(3)在静止卫星上,冰雹云微物理特征与极轨卫星相一致,将早期识别指标应用于FY-4A静止卫星,跟踪云团发展演变,实现自动预警。(4)经过4次降雹过程中应用,FY-4A卫星自动预警与实况吻合22次,漏报2次,自动预警平均提前约2小时。FY-4A卫星自动预警对及时有效组织实施人工防雹作业具有重要现实意义。Meteorological satellites have provided useful information for improving weather forecasting,environmental monitoring,and short-term climate prediction.In the field of the weather forecast,satellites provide a powerful means for the forecast of typhoons,rainstorms,hail,sandstorms,and other severe weather conditions.In this study,the microstructure of hail clouds was analyzed by satellite observation data based on nearly a decade of hail event records of Shaanxi,Shandong,Guizhou,and Xinjiang.The comparison between the hail cloud and deep convective precipitation cloud characteristics retrieved by polar orbit satellites showed different cloud properties such as cloud top temperature/effective radius and cloud glaciation temperatures.Based on distinct cloud properties between hail clouds and convective clouds,this work summarized the characteristics and further applied them to the FY-4A geostationary satellite,which captures the hail cycle,which occurred on August 16,2019,in the Shandong area.Results showed that the satellite has the potential to capture a hail cloud during its developing stage and use it as an application of early warning.The hail cloud shows the following characteristics:(1)There are considerable differences in the cloud’s physical characteristics between hail clouds and deep convective precipitation clouds.Microphysical characteristics of hail clouds observed by satellites are shown in three aspects:Glaciation temperature(T_(g) )is cooler with an average value of −33℃.The hail cloud reaches the glaciation temperature with a smaller effective radius(<40μm)with an average of 36.9μm when the clouds are fully glaciated.It also shows that the smaller the r_(eg) (effective radius corresponding to glaciation temperature),the stronger the hail cloud.Additionally,hail cloud tops often have a reduction zone of r_(e) with increasing height.(2)All the studied areas have consistent cloud properties such as a lower T_(g) ,smaller r_(eg) ,and a decreased r_(e) compared to those of adjacent convective cl

关 键 词：冰雹云 云微物理特征 FY-4A 静止卫星 卫星早期识别 自动预警 

分 类 号：P482[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]