秋水仙素诱导象鼻兰种子产生多倍体  

Colchicine Induces Polyploidy in the Seeds of Phalaenopsis zhejiangensis

作　　者：吴婷 葛红[1] 杨树华[1] 赵鑫[1] 寇亚萍 贾瑞冬[1] WU Ting;GE Hong;YANG Shuhua;ZHAO Xin;KOU Yaping;JIA Ruidong(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Flowers Improvement Center of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,国家花卉改良中心,北京100081

出　　处：《北方园艺》2022年第2期71-78,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFD1001003);农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室资助项目。

摘　　要：以象鼻兰种子为试验材料,采用浸泡法,研究了秋水仙素处理对蝴蝶兰种子染色体加倍的影响,以期获得诱导多倍体的适宜条件。结果表明:秋水仙素浸泡法诱导种子染色体加倍时,种子在液体培养基中培养5d,再采用0.20%秋水仙素处理1d的处理效果最好,萌发率达到6.41%,高于1.96%的自然萌发率,四倍体、嵌合体诱导率分别达到了27.75%、34.84%;四倍体植株与二倍体植株相比,形态与气孔特征均发生了明显变化,形态特征表现为,植株粗壮、根系发达且粗壮、植株生长较快等;气孔特征表现为单位面积气孔数减少,气孔增大,长宽分别增长25.19%和26.19%。该研究得到了秋水仙素浸泡象鼻兰种子诱导染色体加倍的适宜条件且提高了象鼻兰种子的萌发率,获得了四倍体植株和嵌合体植株,为把象鼻兰优异基因高效导入栽培品种奠定了基础,为蝴蝶兰体细胞无性系变异新品种的培育提供了参考依据。Phalaenopsis zhejiangensis seeds were used as materials to explore the effect of colchicine treatment on the chromosome doubling,and was studied by immersion method to explore the suitable conditions for obtaining polyploidy,in order to obtain suitable conditions for inducing polyploidy.The results showed that the survival rate reached 6.41%,and tetraploid,and chimera rates induction were 27.75%and 34.84%,respectively,when the seeds were cultured in liquid medium for 5days,and then 0.20%colchicine treatment for 1day.Compared with diploid plants,the morphological and stomatal characteristics of tetraploid plants changed significantly.The plant was stronger,the root system was developed and robust,and the plant grew faster.The number of stomata per unit area decreased,but the length and width of stomata increased by 25.19%and 26.19%,respectively.In this study,suitable conditions for colchicine to induce chromosome doubling were obtained by soaking Phalaenopsis zhejiangensis seeds.Tetraploid plants and chimera plants were obtained,which laid the foundation for the efficient introduction of excellent genes fromPhalaenopsis zhejiangensis into cultivated varieties.

关 键 词：象鼻兰 种子 秋水仙素 多倍体 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]