远距离无源铁路监测信息采集系统  

Long-distance Passive Information Collection System for Railway Monitoring

作　　者：刘立海[1] 王巍 石先明[1] LIU Lihai;WANG Wei;SHI Xianming(China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.Ltd,Wuhan,Hubei 430063,China;Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063 [2]华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《铁道工程学报》2021年第12期68-73,共6页Journal of Railway Engineering Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFB1200100)。

摘　　要：研究目的:大量铁路区间轨旁监测信息的传输通常采用有源方式,但其供电及传输系统建设成本高、维护难度大。基于此,本文研究采用背向散射(backscatter)通信技术和无人机,设计远距离无源铁路监测信息采集系统,以降低铁路区间轨旁监测信息传输系统的建设成本和维护难度。研究结论:(1)提出了完全无源的背向散射节点架构,设计了能反射LoRa信号的低功耗调制方式,系统分析了背向散射节点的能量收集效率和工作功耗;(2)利用无人机机动性高的特点,在无人机上搭载信号源和接收端的信息采集模块,实现沿着铁路自主巡航采集传感器信息;(3)室外部署和铁路环境测试表明,可以实现90 m以上的通信距离;(4)本文所研究的远距离无源铁路监测信息采集系统可应用于铁路区间监测信息的收集。Research purposes:Generally,active mode is adopted for variety of track side infrastrcture monitoring systems,which lead to high construction cost and maintenance difficulty with regarding to power supply and transmission systems.This paper investigates a long-distance passive communication system combining backscatter technology and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)for railway monitoring information collection to lower the construction cost and maintenance difficulty.Research conclusions:(1)A passive backscatter architecture is designed,for which a low-power modulation scheme is proposed to reflect the signal from the LoRa devices,and the energy collection efficiency and power consumption of the backscatter are systematically analyzed.(2)Exploiting the advantage of the high flexibility of the UAV,the information collection module consisting of the signal source and the receiver on the commercial UAV is equipped,and the sensor data can be collected by the autonomous cruise along the railway.(3)It has been demonstrated by outdoor deployment and on-field evaluation on the railway that the achieveable communication distance can be more than 90 meters.(4)The proposed system can be used for information collection of trackside infrastrcture monitoring systems.

关 键 词：无线通信技术 无源通信信息传输 背向散射通信技术 能量收集 

分 类 号：U285.2[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制]