高水平游泳运动员组合性大赛成绩结构及对奥运成绩的作用  

The Performance Structure of High Level Swimmers in Combined Competition and Its Effect on Olympic Performance

作　　者：秦鹏飞 陈亮[1] 吴青云 QIN Pengfei;CHEN Liang;WU Qingyun(School of Physical Education and Sport Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学体育科学学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期93-102,共10页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(15CTY019)。

摘　　要：以参加第29、30、31届奥运会且获得前8名的游泳运动员,在与奥运会相邻的两届世锦赛所取得的成绩为研究对象,通过灰色建模、卡方分析、多重对应分析、多元回归分析等方法,探讨"世锦赛-奥运会"组合性大赛的成绩结构特征,并分析可能性因素对奥运成绩的作用.研究表明:组合性大赛成绩结构中除混合泳是平稳型>波动型>上升型>下降型外,其余4种泳姿均是平稳型>上升型>波动型>下降型,且动作结构越复杂成绩稳定性越低;年龄结构特征、前世锦赛发挥率、奥运会发挥率是造成组合性大赛成绩产生不同类型的主要原因,且每种因素等级的提高,都益于运动员奥运会成绩的提升.其中,年龄结构与运动员生理及竞技能力的发展水平有关;前世锦赛发挥率、奥运会发挥率则与训练计划和参赛策略的调整有关.Based on the results of the top 8 swimmers who participated in the 29 th,30 th and 31 st Olympic Games and the two World Championships in temporal proximity,this paper discusses the performance structure characteristics of the“World Championships-Olympic Games”combined competition through the methods of grey modeling,chi square analysis,multiple correspondence analysis and multiple regression analysis,and analyzes the role of possible factors on Olympic achievement.The results show that in the performance structure of the combined events,except that the medley is stable>fluctuating>ascending>descending,the other four strokes are stable>ascending>fluctuating>descending,and the more complex the action structure,the lower the stability of the performance.The main reasons for the different types of the combined event results are age structure characteristics,the performance rate of previous World Championships and Olympic Games.The improvement of each factor is helpful to the improvement of the athletes’performance in the Olympic Games.Among them,the age structure is related to the development level of the athletes’physiological and competitive ability;the performance rate of former world championships and the Olympic Games is related to the adjustment of training plans and competition strategies.

关 键 词：游泳 高水平运动员 奥运会 世锦赛 成绩结构 

分 类 号：G861.1[文化科学—体育训练]