2018—2020年某市饮用水中消毒副产物监测结果及风险评估  

Surveillance results and risk assessment of disinfection by-products in drinking water in a city,2018-2020

作　　者：王冰[1] 张永[1] 韩志宇 王心宇[1] 詹未[1] 盛欣[1] WANG Bing;ZHANG Yong;HAN Zhi-yu;WANG Xin-yu;ZHAN Wei;SHENG Xin(Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心/北京市预防医学研究中心,北京100013

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2022年第2期169-173,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项项目(首发2020-2-3013)。

摘　　要：目的了解某市城区生活饮用水中消毒副产物的分布,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法2018—2020年对该市城区市政出厂水消毒副产物进行监测,按照美国环保局推荐的健康风险模型进行风险评估。结果出厂水中共检出三氯甲烷、一氯二溴甲烷、二氯一溴甲烷、三溴甲烷、二氯乙酸、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐等11种消毒副产物,其含量均符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)的规定。非二氧化氯消毒时仍可检出氯酸盐,检出率及浓度均较高。除氯酸盐外,出厂水中三卤甲烷类和卤乙酸类消毒副产物浓度较高。丰水期氯酸盐的浓度要大于枯水期(Z=-3.814,P<0.001),其余消毒副产物在枯丰水期的分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以地下水为水源的出厂水中,二氧化氯消毒的水样中三卤甲烷含量要低于氯消毒的水样,氯酸盐高于氯消毒水样(P<0.05)。该市出厂水中消毒副产物引起的致癌风险为1.42×10^(-5),非致癌风险为3.23×10^(-2);三氯甲烷对致癌和非致癌风险的贡献最大。结论该市城区饮用水消毒副产物以氯酸盐、三卤甲烷和卤乙酸为主,其致癌和非致癌风险均在可接受范围内。三氯甲烷对健康风险贡献最大,应作为风险管理的重点对象。Objectives To investigate the distribution of disinfection by-products(DBPs)in drinking water in urban area of a city,and to evaluate their potential health risk.Methods DBPs in municipal supply water in this city from 2018 to 2020 were monitored,and risk assessment was conducted according to health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environment Protection Agency(USEPA).Results Eleven kinds of DBPs,including trichloromethane,chlorodibromomethane,difluorobromomethane,bromoform,dichloroacetic acid,chlorite,and chlorate were detected in drinking water,and the concentration of above-mentioned DBPs detected was lower than the standard limits specified in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006).Chlorate could be detected in water disinfected by non-chlorine dioxide,with a high detection rate and a high concentration.The contents of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids were also high in water except chlorate.The concentration of chlorate in wet season was higher than that in dry season(Z=-3.814,P<0.001),and no statistically significant differences were found in the other DBPs in dry season(P>0.05).Among factory water samples with groundwater as the source of water,the concentration of trihalomethanes was lower in water samples disinfected with chlorine dioxide than in water samples disinfected with chlorine,but the concentration of chlorate was higher in water samples disinfected with chlorine dioxide than in water samples disinfected with chlorine(P<0.05).The carcinogenic risk of DBPs was 1.42×10^(-5) per year,and the non-carcinogenic health risk was 3􀆰23×10^(-2) per year.Trichloromethane contributed the most to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.Conclusion Chlorate,trichloromethane and haloacetic acids are the principal DBPs in drinking water in urban areas of this city,and the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of DBPs are all within an acceptable range.Trichloromethane is the major contributor to the health risk,and should be the focus of risk management.

关 键 词：饮用水 消毒副产物 监测 风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]