六朝声律形式美学的文章学考察  

The Investigation to the Prosody-form Aesthetics of the Article Study during the Six Dynasties

作　　者：唐定坤[1] Tang Dingkun

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学文学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2022年第1期73-89,156,157,共19页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“诗教传统及其现代转化研究”(项目编号:19BZW007)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：声律形式美学是在"以读促写"的文学活动中发展出来的,今人多从语言学角度对之进行独立研究,缺乏从传统文章学视角的整体考察和形式美学的现代阐释。声律之学起于文章诵读,发展于韵文写作而与其互相促进,特别是晋代以来的音辞艺术、佛教梵呗转读等新式诵读活动的助推,下迄齐梁"永明体"而趋于成熟。永明声律以其精细化的讲求而不宜于长篇试验,最重要的是,四声的介入在句式诵读节奏的轨范下引发了诗赋接受形式美学的文体分异,从而使得文章学从以赋为中心逐步转向以诗为中心,并最终形成了"赋亡""诗兴"的文体消长。它的文学功能在于最有效地发挥汉字音形义统一体的特长以运用于文章写作的成功实践,主要表现于促进骈偶对句的平衡美、字句的炼造、联对构结的艺术张力、文体变革四个方面。Prosody-form aesthetics is from the literary activity of improving and accumulating writing skills and knowledge by reading.Many scholars nowadays carry their studies on it just independently in terms of linguistics.Therefore,the integral investigation from the viewpoint of the traditional Article Study and the modern expounding is absent.The study on Musical Tone and Lyric stemmed from reading articles and developed in the writing of verses,the two-way literary activities promoted each other.Especially,with the boost of some new forms of reading activities like the art of musical tone and lyric and Buddhist chanting scriptures,Yongming Poetry style increasingly matured by the Qi and Liang Dynasties.Yongming prosody attaches the importance to the refinement without lengthy writing.And what is the most important is that,with the interposing the Four Tones of Classical Phonetics and the regulations of the sentence patterns of chanting and reading cadence,it caused distinguishable literary style in form-aesthetics between poems and proses with verse.This makes the Article Study which concentrated on the prose with verse gradually focused on the poem,finally,the swing of literary styles of the decline of prose with verse and the growth of poem came into being.The literary function of prosody-form aesthetics is to effectively develop the specialty of the unity of sound,form and meaning of Chinese characters and apply it to the successful practice in writing.It also improves the beauty of balance,condenses characters and sentences,creates the art tension and reforms the literary styles of parallel prose and antithesis poem.

关 键 词：形式美学 声律 永明体 文章学 诗赋 

分 类 号：K01[历史地理—历史学]