秦汉郡守称谓系年与定年--以简牍、封泥、碑砖为考察中心  

A Study on the Chronicle and Dating of the County Chief Title in Qin and Han Dynasties-Based on Information from Bamboo Scripts,Seal Mud,and Stone Tablet Bricks

作　　者：吴方基[1] Wu Fangji

机构地区：[1]广东嘉应学院政法学院

出　　处：《北方文物》2022年第1期71-85,共15页Northern Cultural Relics

基　　金：2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“大一统视野下秦朝‘新地’治理研究”的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：依托郡守称谓系年进行出土文献年代推定是一种重要的定年方法。打破以往定年研究重在单一文献或朝代的做法,尝试结合简牍、封泥、碑砖等数据,长时段考察秦及两汉甚至魏晋郡守称谓及相关用语变化,发现郡守称谓有四个变化点:一、始皇二十六年(公元前221年)十二月至二十七年(公元前220年)二月之间“守、大守”并称变为“守、泰守”并称;二、始皇三十二年(公元前215年)三月至九月之间“守、泰守”并称变为纯称“守”;三、秦二世二年(公元前208年)至汉高祖六年(公元前201年)之间纯称“守”变为“守、大守”并称;四、吕后二年(公元前186年)至景帝中元二年(公元前148年)之间“守、大守”并称变为纯称“大守”;五、魏晋时期逐渐普及改称“大守”为“太守”。郡守称谓及相关用语系年可用于重新推定一些出土文献的年代问题。It is an important dating method to date the unearthed documents based on the chronicle of the county chief title.This paper discussed four changes in the county chief title based on a long-period analysis of the information from bamboo scripts,seal mud and stone tablet bricks,changes in county chief title and the related terms during the period of Qin and Western and Eastern Han Dynasties,and even Wei and Jin Dynasties,rather than focusing on historical literature or dynasty order only.From December of the 26th year(in 221 B.C.)to February of the 27th year(in 220 B.C.)of Emperor Qin,the titles of Shou(守)and Dashou(大守)were replaced by Shou(守)and Taishou(泰守);between March and September of the 32nd year of Emperor Qin(in 215 B.C.),Shou(守)replaced Shou(守)and Taishou(泰守);Shou(守)was then re-placed by Shou(守)and Dashou(大守)between the 2nd year of Emperor the Second(in 208 B.C.)and the 6lh year of Emperor Gaozu in Han Dynasty(in 201 B.C.);Shou(守)and Dashou(大守)were named as Dashou(大守)between the 2nd year of Queen Lv(in 186 B.C.)and the 2nd year of Emperor Jing in Han Dynasty(in 148 B.C.);and the title of Taishou(太守)gradually became popular and took place of Dashou(大守)during the period of Wei and Jin Dynasties.The chronicle of the county chief title and its relevant terms can also be used to date the unearthed documents.

关 键 词：郡守 大守 泰守 太守 定年 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]