2011~2019年广州地区无偿献血者血液检测结果分析  

Analysis of blood screening results of voluntary blood donors from 2011 to 2019 in Guangzhou

作　　者：李玉笑[1] 陈翀[1] 何博[1] 李仲平[1] 杜荣松[1] 汪传喜[1] LI Yuxiao;CHEN Chong;HE Bo;LI Zhongping;DU Rongsong;WANG Chuanxi(Guangzhou Blood Center,Guangzhou 510095,China)

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心,广东广州510095

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2022年第1期61-64,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的对2011~2019年广州地区无偿献血者血液检测结果进行分析,为本地区采供血工作提供科学依据。方法选择2011~2019年广州地区2918469例无偿献血者为研究对象,对其常规检测数据进行统计分析。结果2011~2019年2918469例无偿献血者血液检测总的不合格率平均为3.01%(87988/2918469),2011~2018年总的不合格率呈逐年下降的趋势,2019年总的不合格率比2018年略有升高,每年总的不合格率有差异(P<0.05),其中2011~2019年ELISA 3项(HBsAg/HCVAb/HIVAg/Ab)的不合格率平均为1.25%(36508/2918469),比核酸3项(HBV/HCV/HIV)的不合格率(0.62%,18086/2918469)高(P<0.05);每年各项检测不合格率方面,ALT的不合格率最高(1.28%,37451/2918469),其次是HBsAg(0.82%,23827/2918469),接着是NAT(0.62%,18086/2918469),抗-TP(0.39%,11468/2918469),抗-HCV(0.31%,9155/2918469),HIV Ag/Ab(0.12%,3526/2918469),抗-HTLV的不合格率最低(0.025%,301/1194002),不同检测项目的阳性率有差异(P<0.05),ELISA(-)/NAT(+)的检出率为0.20%(5947/2918469),对5947例ELISA(-)/NAT(+)标本进行鉴别试验,鉴别阳性率为30.02%(1785/5947),其中HBV占99.38%(1774/1785),HCV占0.28%(5/1785),HIV占0.34%(6/1785),鉴别试验中HBV阳性率最高,与HCV、HIV阳性率有差异(P<0.05)。结论ALT和HBsAg是广州地区无偿献血者最主要的不合格项目,HTLV感染率尚处于一个较低的水平,因此在献血前进行ALT和HBsAg筛查可以大大减少不合格血液的报废。ELISA检测和核酸检测在降低输血相关病毒感染风险方面发挥重要的互补作用,两者对献血者的筛查缺一不可。Objective To analyze the blood screening results of voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou from 2011 to 2019,so as to provide scientific basis for blood collection and supply in this area.Methods A total of 2918469 voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou were selected as research subjects,and their routine test data were statistically analyzed.Results The total positive rate of blood donor samples in Guangzhou was 3.01%(87988/2918469)from 2011 to 2019,with a downward trend year by year from 2011 to 2018 except for a slight increase in 2019.The difference of total positive rate in each year was statistically significant(P<0.05).The ELISA-yielding rate(1.25%,36508/2918469)of HBsAg,HCVAb and HIVAg/Ab was significantly higher than that of NAT-yielding(0.62%,18086/2918469)(P<0.05).In terms of annual positive rate of various tests,ALT was the highest(1.28%,37451/2918469),followed by HBsAg(0.82%,23827/2918469),and NAT(0.62%,8086/2918469),anti-TP(0.39%,11468/2918469),anti-HCV(0.31%,9155/2918469),HIVAg/Ab(0.12%,3526/2918469)and anti-HTLV(0.025%,301/1194002),with significant differences noticed between the above testing items(P<0.05).And 0.20%(5947/2918469)of the samples were ELISA(-)/NAT(+),among which 30.02%(1785/5947)were discriminated as positive,including 99.38%(1774/1785)HBV positive,0.28%(5/1785)HCV positive,and 0.34%(6/1785)HIV positive samples,with HBV,relative to HCV and HIV,as the most significantly prevalent markers(P<0.05).Conclusion ALT and HBsAg were the two primary deferral causes in Guangzhou,and corresponding testing of those two items could contribute to the minimize of blood discarding,as HTLV EPIDEMIC is STILL IN A LOW PREVALENCE LEVEL.ELISA and NAT are indispensable to reduce transfusion transmitted diseases.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 输血传播疾病 ELISA NATA ALT HBV 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] R446[医药卫生—临床医学]