ABO血型和SARS-CoV-2易感性及COVID-19病情严重程度进展  

SARS-CoV-2 vulnerability and COVID-19 severity association with ABO blood group

作　　者：张士坤 卓海龙 檀英霞 宫锋 ZHANG Shikun;ZHUO Hailong;TAN Yingxia;GONG Feng(Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院军事医学研究院卫生勤务与血液研究所,北京100039 [2]解放军总医院第五医学中心

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2022年第1期114-118,共5页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：研究显示,ABO血型与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的易感性及疾病进展相关,其中大多数研究结果提示O血型人群易感性较低,而A血型人群具有较高的易感性并且症状较严重。ABO血型抗原是位于红细胞和组织细胞表面的寡聚糖,不同ABO血型人群对包括SARS-CoV-2在内的多种病原体的易感性不同。关于不同血型人群对SARS-CoV-2易感性差异的机制有几种假说:1)抗-A和/或抗-B抗体(凝集素)可与病毒的相应抗原结合,阻碍靶细胞被侵染,SARS-CoV-2和/或SARS-CoV spike(S)蛋白可被抗-A等凝集素结合,阻断病毒和ACE-2受体之间的相互作用,从而阻止病毒进入肺上皮细胞;2)S蛋白结构域的受体结合区(RBD)能够与表达在呼吸道上皮的A抗原结合,促进其侵染呼吸道上皮细胞。虽然O血型者与非O血型人群相比易感性较低,而A血型人群感染风险较高且病情较重,但其相关机制有待进一步研究。Studies have shown that ABO blood group is related to the susceptibility and disease progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and most studies indicated that group O individuals were less likely to get infected while group A conferred a higher susceptibility to infection and propensity to severe disease. ABO blood group antigens are oligosaccharides expressed on red cells and other tissues. People with different ABO blood type have different susceptibility to a variety of pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. There are several hypotheses to explain the differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection between ABO blood group individuals. Firstly, anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies could bind to corresponding antigens on the viral envelope and contribute to viral neutralization, thereby preventing target cell from being infected. The SARS-CoV-2 virus and SARS-CoV spike(S) proteins may be bound by anti-A isoagglutinin, which may block interactions between virus and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2-receptor, thereby preventing entering into lung epithelial cells. Secondly, the receptor binding domain(RBD) of S protein domain can bind to antigen A expressed in respiratory epithelium and promote its infection to respiratory epithelial cells. In conclusion, most studies indicated that group O may be associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection while group A with a higher risk along with severe disease, and the related mechanism needs to be further studied.

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 新型冠状病毒肺炎 ABO血型 血型抗体 易感性 

分 类 号：R457.11[医药卫生—治疗学] R373.1[医药卫生—临床医学]