组蛋白变异体及组蛋白修饰在哺乳动物配子和植入前胚胎发育中的研究进展  

Progress in Research on Histone Variants and Histone Modifications during Mammalian Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development

作　　者：范娜 王雪迪 那顺布和 FAN Na;WANG Xuedi;NASHUN Buhe(State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock,School of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University State,Hohhot 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,省部共建草原家畜生殖调控与繁育国家重点实验室,呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2021年第12期2472-2481,共10页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31970759、31760335、32160145);中国内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(批准号:2019ZD031);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金基础青年培育项目(批准号:2021JQ04)资助的课题。

摘　　要：组蛋白变异体置换及组蛋白翻译后修饰是重要的表观遗传调控方式,在哺乳动物配子发生和植入前胚胎发育过程中起着重要作用。H2A.Z、H3.3和CENP-A等多种组蛋白变异体的沉积或移除可以改变核小体和染色质的局部状态,影响基因表达,从而参与调控配子和植入前胚胎发育。甲基化和乙酰化等组蛋白修饰在相应的酶的作用下建立或擦除,进而促进或干扰转录调控因子的招募,激活或抑制基因的表达。近年来,随着单细胞或少量细胞表观遗传全基因组检测技术的迅速发展,组蛋白在哺乳动物配子和植入前胚胎发育过程中发挥的关键作用被逐渐阐明。该文简要总结了组蛋白变异体置换及组蛋白修饰在哺乳动物配子发生及植入前胚胎发育中的研究进展,并探讨了其生物学功能和表观遗传调控机制。Epigenetic regulation with specific emphasis on the modes of histone variants and post-translational modifications are involved in mammalian gametogenesis and preimplantation embryonic development.Deposition or replacement of various histone variants,such as H2A.Z,H3.3 and CENP-A,regulate gene expression by fine-tuning nucleosome or local chromatin structure.Writing,reading and erasing of histone modifications are mediated by distinct enzymes,and activate or inhibit gene expression by regulating recruitment of transcriptional regulators in chromatin.Recent years saw great progress in low-input or single-cell genome wide epigenomic profiling techniques,shedding more light on the role of histone variants and histone modifications during gametogenesis and embryogenesis.This review provides an overview of recent findings and discusses potential mechanisms that shape the current paradigms regarding the roles of histone variants and histone modifications during mammalian gametogenesis and preimplantation embryonic development.

关 键 词：表观遗传 组蛋白变异体 组蛋白修饰 配子 植入前胚胎 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学]