智能化对企业生产绩效的微观影响机理——以产能利用率和盈利能力为例  

The Micro Mechanism of Intelligence on Enterprise Production Performance:The Example of Capacity Utilization and Profit

作　　者：宣旸 张万里 XUAN Yang;ZHANG Wanli(School of Humanities,Xidian University,Xi'an 710126,China;Public Policy and Administration,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学人文学院,西安710126 [2]西北工业大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710072

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2021年第11期96-119,共24页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(21YJC790163);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(D5000210962);陕西省社会科学基金年度项目(2021D005)。

摘　　要：基于我国发改委、工信部和科技部提出的智能化相关试点项目,使用中国2009—2018年上市A股非金融类企业面板数据,通过倾向得分匹配和双重差分方法(PSM-DID)分析我国相关智能化政策能否提升企业产能利用率和盈利能力,并加入滞后项分析智能化的长期影响,最终引入要素密集度、所有权结构和研发密度分析不同异质性的差异。得到以下几点结论:(1)智能化提升我国企业产能利用率,但对企业盈利能力的作用不显著;(2)智能化对企业绩效的影响存在动态性和滞后性,即智能化对产能利用率的正向作用为先递减再增加再递减,而在第二年才对盈利能力发挥作用,并呈递增趋势;(3)不同企业异质性条件下智能化对企业绩效的影响不同。智能化对劳动密集型和资源密集型企业产能利用率的影响显著大于资本密集型企业。资本密集型企业智能化对盈利能力的影响虽然小于其他要素密集型企业,但显著性最高。国有企业智能化对产能利用率和总资产报酬率的作用显著大于非国有企业。高技术企业智能化对产能利用率的作用不显著,而低技术企业的劳动力替代和互补效应最明显,因此低技术企业智能化对产能利用率的作用最大,显著性最高。高技术行业智能化对企业盈利能力的正向作用最大,低技术行业的正向作用最小。The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward important instructions that China should accelerate the development of digitization and develop the digital economy,which need to promote digital industrialization and industrial digitization,and combine digitization and the real economy.Hence,it is necessary to realize the transformation of digitization,networking and intelligent about enterprises.With the development of economy,intelligent technologies,such as artificial intelligence,blockchain,Internet of things,5G and so on,which are seen as disruptive innovation,are changing the traditional production mode and innovation mode of enterprise.Although these intelligent technologies can improve industrial productivity,they will also cause the substitution effect of labor and the complementary effect of high-end talents.There exist different influences of intelligence in different types of enterprises because of the discrepancy of labor structure and technique.Therefore,it is significant to analyze the effect of intelligence on enterprise production performance,which benefits for the application of intelligence and the development of enterprises,and therealization of the role of intelligence in different types of enterprises.This research explores intelligent related pilot projects of China’s development and Reform Commission,Ministry of industry and science and technology as experimental group through defining intelligence as artificial intelligence,block chain,Internet plus,Internet of things,big data and other new communication technologies.By using the panel data of A-share listed non-financial enterprises from 2009 to 2018,the study search for controlled enterprises of intelligent related pilot projects with regard to propensity score matching method.Moreover,this article also studies the effect of intelligence on firm capacity utilization and profitability according to difference-in-difference measurement.Dynamic effect model also used to find the long-term impact of intelligence on f

关 键 词：智能化 产能利用率 总资产报酬率 PSM-DID 异质性 

分 类 号：G306[文化科学]