智能制造如何影响企业绩效?——基于“智能制造试点示范专项行动”的准自然实验  

How Does Intelligent Manufacturing Affect Enterprise Performance?:Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on"Special Action for Pilot Demonstration of Intelligent Manufacturing"

作　　者：张树山[1] 胡化广 孙磊[1] 张雷[1] ZHANG Shushan;HU Huaguang;SUN Lei;ZHANG Lei(School of Economics and Management,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学经济与管理学院,长春130024

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2021年第11期120-136,共17页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BJY180)。

摘　　要：在技术飞速革新的第四次工业革命浪潮下,智能制造已成为第四次工业革命的标志和主导力量,然而制造企业智能化转型的收益与成本风险并存,因而导致许多企业面临转或不转的两难困境。因此,从定量角度厘清智能制造的经济后果,剖析智能制造影响企业绩效的机制,对于指导企业管理实践,加速智能化转型进程意义重大。从微观层面的经济效益切入,基于2011—2019年制造业上市公司数据,将"智能制造试点示范专项行动"视为准自然实验,采用结合了倾向得分匹配的双重差分模型研究智能制造与企业绩效的关系,并分析了试点政策的行业内溢出效应。结果表明:智能制造显著提高了企业绩效,动态效应估计的结果表明,智能制造对企业绩效的影响具有滞后性,需要一年后才能发挥出对绩效的促进作用,且促进作用随时间逐渐增大。经过一系列稳健性检验后,结论仍成立。机制检验结果表明,智能制造通过经营成本渠道、创新投入渠道和融资约束渠道提高了企业绩效。试点政策具有行业内溢出效应,试点企业确立后同行业内非试点企业的绩效水平显著提高,且试点企业数量越多,绩效提升越明显。最后基于以上结论提出了相应的管理启示。Nowadays,China’s manufacturing industry is facing many challenges,and intelligent manufacturing has brought opportunities to get rid of the problems faced by the current manufacturing industry and realize the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry and structural reform on the supply side.China clearly stated in"Made in China 2025"that intelligent manufacturing should be the main direction of manufacturing upgrading.However,in practice,many enterprises still hold a wait-and-see attitude towards the intelligent manufacturing.The reason is that the benefits and cost risks of intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises coexist.In the increasingly fierce competition environment,the unclear cost and benefits of intelligent manufacturing have led many enterprises to fall into the dilemma of"waiting for death without transformation,but dying for transformation".Because intelligent manufacturing is still a frontier issue,the research on the economic consequences of intelligent manufacturing,especially empirical research,is still very scarce.Whether intelligent manufacturing can create revenue and how to create revenue has become a realistic problem to be solved in the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises.Based on this,an empirical study is conducted to analyzes the causal effect of intelligent manufacturing on enterprise performance,analyzes the mechanism of intelligent manufacturing affecting enterprise performance,and discusses the spillover effect of pilot work.On the research method,based on the data of listed manufacturing companies from 2011 to 2019,the special action of intelligent manufacturing pilot demonstration led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China was taken as a quasi-natural experiment,and the intelligent manufacturing pilot enterprises determined by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology were taken as the treatment group and other enterprises as the control group,and the net effect of intelligent manufacturing on ente

关 键 词：智能制造 企业绩效 双重差分 倾向得分匹配 溢出效应 

分 类 号：G306[文化科学]