盆地深部穹隆构造发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义——以塔里木盆地顺北地区为例  

The structure characteristics,formation mechanism and petroleum geological significance of deep dome structures in the basin——A case study in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin

作　　者：高天 邓尚 李海英[3] 刘雨晴 黄诚[3] 艾合买提江·阿不都热和曼[2] GAO Tian;DENG Shang;LI Haiying;LIU Yuqing;HUANG Cheng;AHMATJAN Abdurahman(School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing,100083;Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing,100083;Northwest Oilfield Company,Sinopec,Urumqi,830011)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]中国石化西北油田分公司,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《地质论评》2022年第1期217-232,共16页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金资助项目(编号:U19B6003);中石化科技部项目(编号:P20062)的成果。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地顺北地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩中广泛发育穹隆构造。为研究盆地深部穹隆构造的发育特征、成因机制及石油地质意义,基于顺北地区高精度三维地震资料,对穹隆构造开展几何学定量解析,确定其空间分布规律及内部结构样式;结合区域构造背景及盆内构造发育特征,明确其成因机制;在此基础上,结合生产动态数据探讨穹隆构造的控储—控藏作用。研究揭示:①穹隆构造平面形态为椭圆形至近圆形,长轴主频方向为NE40°,展布趋势主频方向为NW20°,与邻近主干走滑断裂的距离呈正态分布;②穹隆构造发育边部逆断裂和内部环形断裂,空间表现为锥体结构,其平面投影面积与隆起幅度正相关,隆起幅度自T74界面向下逐渐变小;③穹隆构造与走滑断裂处于同一区域应力背景下,但其与主干走滑断裂不具有成因关系,而是受控于岩浆热流体沿次级走滑断裂的垂向侵入,引起上覆地层隆起变形;④碳酸盐岩地层内,穹隆构造的边界逆断裂及顶部张裂缝均可作为良好的储集空间,其中“串珠体”(储集体地震响应)分布与边界逆断裂发育部位相稳合,推测为优质储集体发育部位。本研究可以深化盆地深部穹隆构造的成因认识;同时对顺北地区甚至塔里木盆地新油气目标类型的勘探评价提供指导意义。Objectives:The dome structures are widely developed in the Ordovician carbonate strata in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin.However,the structure characteristics,formation mechanism and petroleum geological significance of the dome structures are still not clear,due to lack of targeted research.Methods:In this paper,based on high-precision 3D seismic data of the Shunbei area,a geometric quantitative analysis of the dome structures was carried out to determine its spatial distribution characteristics and internal structure styles.Then,make use of regional tectonic background and the characteristics of inner basin structure development,the formation mechanism of the dome structures was also clarified.Furthermore,combined with the production dynamic data,the controlling significance of reservoir and hydrocarbon accumulation of the dome structures is discussed.Results:The research shows:①The dome structures exhibit elliptical to near circular planar shape with NE40°main frequency direction of long axis and NW20°main frequency direction of spreading trend.The distance from the dome structures to the primary strike-slip faults is normally distributed.②The dome structures develop the thrust faults in the edge and ring faults in the centre.The dome structures uplift amplitude is positively correlated with the planar projection area and gradually weakens downwards from the T74 interface.③The dome structures’formation has no relationship with the primary strike-slip faults under the same stress background.It is controlled by the vertical intrusion activity of magma thermal fluid along the secondary strike-slip faults,which causes uplift deformation of the upper formation.④In carbonate strata,the boundary thrust faults and top tensile fracture of the dome structures can be good reservoirs.The location of boundary thrust faults is consistent with the distribution of“beads”(representing reservoir in seismic),indicating that is inferred to be the development location of high-quality reservoirs.Conclusions:The

关 键 词：穹隆构造 岩浆作用 控储—控藏作用 顺北地区 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]