煤矿瓦斯利用技术现状与展望  

Present situation and prospect of coal mine gas utilization technology

作　　者：唐韩英 TANG Hanying(CCTEG Chongqing Research Institute,Chongqing 400039,China;State Key Laboratory of the Gas Disaster Detecting,Preventing and Emergency Controlling,Chongqing 400037,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400039 [2]瓦斯灾害监控与应急技术国家重点实验室,重庆400037

出　　处：《煤质技术》2022年第1期69-76,共8页Coal Quality Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家科技重大专项资助项目(2016ZX05045-006)。

摘　　要：煤矿瓦斯是优质资源,但受瓦斯利用技术水平以及瓦斯抽采规模的影响,抽采瓦斯利用率较低,因而对国内煤矿抽采利用瓦斯气体的技术现状进行汇总分析具有重要的现实意义。通过调研与分析,厘清现有抽采瓦斯利用技术及其适用范围,从高浓度瓦斯净化直接利用技术、低浓度瓦斯发电技术、低浓度瓦斯浓缩技术、低浓度瓦斯燃(焚)烧技术、乏风瓦斯利用技术等方面分析其成熟度,重点阐述低浓度瓦斯利用技术中的燃气轮机技术、燃气内燃机技术、燃气锅炉-蒸汽轮机技术、联合循环多联供技术、制氢技术、制合成氨技术与直接燃烧技术,并结合作为辅助燃料、主要燃料应用的超低浓度瓦斯利用技术,探索蓄热式外燃机、瓦斯燃料电池发电等新技术的应用,并对抽采瓦斯利用方向进行技术展望,以期为抽采瓦斯的高效利用提供合理的利用方式。分析结果表明:中等浓度至高浓度的瓦斯利用技术较为成熟,但超低浓度至低浓度的瓦斯利用依然存在技术难点,还需攻克低浓度与超低浓度瓦斯蓄热氧化等安全利用、含氧煤层气安全的低温液化和分离、低浓度瓦斯发电机组连续稳定高效运行等难题,同时需加大研究力度以推进新技术的工业化应用。未来还需进一步研究抽采瓦斯利用技术,建议解禁煤矿安全规程中关于爆燃浓度瓦斯直接燃烧的限制。Coal mine gas is a high-quality resource,which is affected by the level of gas utilization technology and the scale of gas drainage.The utilization rate of gas drainage is low,therefore,how to efficiently use coal mine drainage gas has important practical significance.Through investigation and analysis,the existing gas drainage utilization technology and its scope of application were clarified.From the aspects such as high concentration gas purify and direct utilization technology,low concentration gas power generation technology,low concentration gas concentration technology,low concentration gas combustion(incineration)technology and exhaust gas utilization technology,the maturity was analyzed.The gas turbine technology,gas internal combustion engine technology,gas boiler steam turbine technology,combined cycle multi cogeneration technology,hydrogen production technology,synthetic ammonia production technology and direct combustion technology in low concentration gas utilization technology were focused.Combing with utilization technology of ultra-low concentration gas,application of new technologies such as regenerative external combustion engine and gas fuel cell power generation were explored.The technical prospect of gas drainage and utilization was also given,in order to provide a reasonable utilization mode for the efficient utilization of gas drainage.The analysis results show that the utilization technology of medium concentration to high concentration gas is relatively mature,but there are still technical difficulties in the utilization of ultra-low concentration to low concentration gas.It is also necessary to overcome the problems as follows:safe utilization of low concentration and ultra-low concentration gas,safe low temperature liquefaction and separation of oxygenated coalbed methane,continuous,stable and efficient operation of low concentration gas generator set.At the same time,more research is needed to promote the industrial application of new technologies.In the future,it is necessary to furt

关 键 词：瓦斯 发电技术 制氢 合成氨 直接燃烧 瓦斯浓缩提纯 辅助燃料 主要燃料 

分 类 号：TD712.67[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]