大传统与小传统:明清时期鲁西地区的碧霞元君信仰  

Big Tradition and Small Tradition:The Bixia Yuanjun's Religion in Luxi Region during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：胡梦飞 Hu Mengfei(Research Institute of the canal,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng Shandong,252059)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学运河学研究院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《地方文化研究》2021年第6期33-42,共10页Local Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“明清山东运河河政、河工与区域社会研究”(项目编号:16CZS017);山东省2020年社会科学规划研究项目“山东运河文化遗产保护、传承与利用研究”(项目编号:20CWYJ39)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：明清时期鲁西地区是碧霞元君信仰极为盛行的地区,呈现出庙宇数量众多、分布地域广泛等特征。地方官员和士绅对碧霞元君信仰大多持默许和认可态度,并试图借助祀神活动传达官方祭祀理念,进行社会教化。地方官员和士绅关于泰山碧霞元君信仰的不同态度,反映了他们对于地方社会道德秩序的关注,表达了他们试图用官方正统文化去改造民间文化的强烈愿望。相较地方官员和士绅,普通民众崇祀神灵的目的则较为简单,带有显著的世俗性和功利性的特征。在满足其自身信仰需求同时,神灵信仰也起到了增强社会凝聚力、强化地域认同的作用。地方家族也利用重修庙貌、祭祀神灵等手段,实现庙宇与宗族的结合,以此达到增强家族凝聚力和认同感的目的。基于各自不同的目的和需要,官员、士绅和民众共同参与到信仰活动之中,使得信仰在地方社会不断得以延续和传承。In the Ming and Qing dynasties,the Luxi Region was a place where Bixia Yuanjun's religion was extremely popular,showing a large number of temples and a wide range of geographical distribution.Local officials and gentry mostly held acquiescence and recognition of Bixia Yuanjun's religion,and tried to convey the concept of official sacrifice through worship activities for social education.The different attitudes of local officials and gentry regarding the religion of Taishan Bixia Yuanjun reflect their concern for the moral order of local society and express their strong desire to use official orthodox culture to transform the folk culture.Compared with local officials and gentry,the purpose of worshipping deities by ordinary people is simpler,with prominent secular and utilitarian characteristics.While satisfying the needs of their own beliefs,the religion of the gods have also played a role in enhancing social cohesion and strengthening regional identity.Local families also use means such as rebuilding temples and sacrificing deities to realize the combination of temples and clan,in order to achieve the purpose of enhancing family cohesion and identity.Based on their different purposes and needs,officials,gentry,and the public participate in worship activities together,so that the religion can continue and be inherited in the local society.

关 键 词：明清 鲁西 碧霞元君 地方精英 民间信仰 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]