突破、推进与辉煌:1949-1978年中国乒乓球运动的锐变  

Breakthrough, Advancement and Achievement: the Dramatic Changes in Chinese Table Tennis Movement in 1949-1978

作　　者：李荣芝 余锦程 LI Rongzhi;YU Jincheng(China Table Tennis College,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院中国乒乓球学院,上海200438

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2022年第1期39-44,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“国家形象视域下的中国乒乓球文化传播研究”(16BTY005)。

摘　　要：1949-1978年是中国乒乓球运动发展的重要转折期,开始从突破、推进到冲向巅峰,奠定了现今"国球"的霸主地位。本文基于"契机——轨迹"理论,对新中国成立30年来中国乒乓球运动的历史流变和发展轨迹探索性回顾,找寻其在历史变迁、社会发展和中国体育发展诸要素规约下的发展特征。研究发现,我国竞技乒乓球在20世纪50年代开始突破,20世纪60年代步入辉煌后因"文革"影响跌入低谷,70年代乒乓外交成为中国与世界连通的桥梁,创新改革挺进世界,"政治属性"是1949-1978年期间中国乒乓球运动的显性特征。此时期中国乒乓球运动的锐变发展得益于:(1)乒乓球经济易行切实际的项目特征;(2)举国体制的强力保障;(3)历史机遇的适时把握;(4)乒乓外交的强势推动等因素。1949-1978 was an important turning period in table tennis development in China, when table tennis movement made breakthroughs and advancements, and eventually established its leading position in the world. This present paper, based on the "opportunity-trajectory" theory, examines the historical changes and development trajectories of Chinese table tennis movement in the 30 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China to reveal its development characteristics under the combined influence of historical changes, social development, and Chinese sports development. It is found that Chinese competitive table tennis began to make breakthroughs and advancements in the 1950 s. After reaching its glory in the 1960 s, it fell into a trough due to the influence of the Cultural Revolution. In the 1970 s, table tennis diplomacy became a bridge between China and the world, and Chinese table tennis came onto the world stage through innovation and reform. Political orientation was the dominant feature of table tennis development in China in 1949-1978. The rapid development of table tennis in China at this stage was mainly promoted by:(1) the economy and practicality of table tennis at the time;(2) the strong guarantee of the whole nation system;(3) seizing the historical opportunities timely;(4) the strong promotion from ping-pong diplomacy among other factors.

关 键 词：竞技乒乓 世界乒乓球锦标赛 历史发展 锐变 

分 类 号：G846[文化科学—体育训练]