冬奥会比赛小项的主场效应特征及对中国备战北京2022冬奥会的启示  

Home Advantage in the Winter Olympic Events and Its Implications for China’s Preparation towards 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games

作　　者：何依蔓 欧欣蓉 胡旭[1] 林孟 李娟[1] 田慧[1] HE Yiman;OU Xinrong;HU Xu;LIN Meng;LI Juan;TIAN Hui(School of International Sport Organizations,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084;China Ice Sports College,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学国际体育组织学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学中国冰上运动学院,北京100084

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2022年第1期85-91,共7页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

摘　　要：目的:基于近10届冬奥会比赛小项中的主场效应特征,为中国备战北京2022冬奥会提出建议。方法:将近10届冬奥会所有比赛小项分为:(1)场地差异项目、主观评分项目和其他项目(2)冰上和雪上项目(3)男子、女子和混合项目。使用威尔科克森符号秩检验对主场优势系数进行统计学分析。结果:(1)场地差异(0.05<P<0.1)和主观评分项目(P<0.05)具有主场效应趋势;(2)冰上项目有显著主场效应(P<0.01),具有场地差异的冰上项目有显著主场效应(P<0.05);(3)主观评分的雪上项目有显著主场效应(P<0.05);(4)男子项目有显著主场效应(P<0.01),其场地差异、主观评分以及其他项目中均出现主场效应趋势(0.05<P<0.1;0.05<P<0.1;P<0.05)。结论:冬奥会不同类型的比赛小项主场优势效应程度不一,场地熟悉度、主观评分和性别等可能是重要影响因素。中国备战北京2022冬奥会时,应结合疫情防控实践着力增强主场效应,实现突破;冰上和雪上项目实行差异化备战,重冰稳雪;关注男女运动员竞赛心理和竞赛表现上的差异,激发潜能。Objective:This study aims to explore the features of home advantage in Winter Olympic events,and put forward China's preparation strategies towards the Beijing 2022 Winter Games.Methods:All events in the last 10 Winter Olympics were included and grouped into(1)events at variable venues,with subjective judgement and other events;(2)events on ice and on snow;(3)men's,women's and mixed events.The effects of home advantage in all events were statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results:Significant home advantage is found in:(1)events at variable venues and with subjective judgement(0.05<P<0.1;P<0.05);(2)ice events on the whole(P<0.01)and ice events at variable venues(P<0.05);(3)snow events with subjective judgement(P<0.05);and(4)men's events(P<0.01),which showed home advantage regardless of differences in familiarity with venues and subjective judgement.Conclusion:Home advantage varies for different types of Winter Olympic events.Familiarity with the venues,subjective judgement and gender are possible correlates of home advantage.Implications:When preparing for the Beijing 2022 Winter Games,China should(1)adopt COVID-specific preparation strategies to strengthen its home advantage;(2)adopt different development strategies for ice and snow events;(3)address the differences in psychology and performance between male and female athletes to bring out the best possible performances.

关 键 词：冬奥会 主场优势 比赛小项 备战策略 奥运会 主场效应 

分 类 号：G811.21[文化科学—体育学]