透视美国公务员制度:基于联邦和地方政府的比较  

Perspectives on the US Civil Service:A Comparison between Federal and Local Government

作　　者：石庆环[1] 王禹涵 SHI Qing-huan;WANG Yu-han

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学历史学院,沈阳110136 [2]辽宁大学,沈阳110136

出　　处：《求是学刊》2022年第1期170-180,共11页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“20世纪美国地方政府公务员专业化历史进路研究”(21BSS003);辽宁省教育厅基础研究项目“20世纪美国地方政府公务员管理制度研究”(LJC202016)。

摘　　要：美国联邦和地方政府在公务员制度上,既带有同质性又具有异质性。其根源一方面在于行政功能的独立性;另一方面在于联邦制下美国二元政府体制的特殊性。研究二者的异同对于深入理解美国行政结构和政治体制都具有一定的学术意义,尤其是,“二战”后伴随城市经理制的广泛采用,以城市经理人为主体的专业管理群体的逐渐形成,使美国地方政府公务员专业化走向更为明显。The US federal and local governments are both homogeneous and heterogeneous in terms of their civil service systems.The root cause of this lies in the independence of administrative functions on the one hand,and the specificity of the dualistic government system in the US under federalism on the other.The study of the differences and similarities between the two has certain academic significance for an in-depth understanding of both the administrative structure and the political system of the United States.In particular,after the Second World War,with the widespread adoption of the city manager system and the gradual formation of a professional management group mainly consisting of city managers,the professionalisation of local government civil servants in the United States has become more obvious.

关 键 词：美国 联邦政府 地方政府 公务员制度 城市经理制 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]