玉米种质资源抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定  

Precise Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Pythium Stalk Rot and Gibberella Stalk Rot

作　　者：段灿星[1] 曹言勇[2] 董怀玉[3] 夏玉生 李红[4] 胡清玉 杨知还[1] 王晓鸣[1] DUAN CanXing;CAO YanYong;DONG HuaiYu;XIA YuSheng;LI Hong;HU QingYu;YANG ZhiHuan;WANG XiaoMing(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement,Beijing 100081;Institute of Cereal Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Institute of Plant Protection,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161;Institute of Plant Protection,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081 [2]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002 [3]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳110161 [4]吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第2期265-279,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0100103);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-ICS);玉米藏粮于技(CAAS-ZDRW2020004)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立和完善玉米种质抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定的方法,对遗传背景丰富的玉米种质资源进行腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病的抗性精准鉴定,筛选出对2种茎腐病具有稳定抗性的种质资源,为玉米抗病育种奠定基础。【方法】对2 004份具有广泛遗传背景的玉米种质进行多年多点的自然发病抗性鉴定,初步筛选出抗茎腐病或综合性状优良的代表性种质,用于人工接种鉴定;利用建立的茎基部注射接种法,对690份代表性玉米种质进行3年共6个环境的抗腐霉茎腐病和镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定。【结果】2016—2018年,在田间自然发病条件下,通过多年多点鉴定出508份种质对茎腐病表现出较稳定的抗性,高抗、抗病和中抗的材料分别为79、106和323份。建立和完善了玉米种质抗茎腐病精准鉴定的方法-茎基部注射接种法,利用该方法与土壤根埋接种鉴定的玉米对腐霉茎腐病抗性的相关系数(r)为0.87,镰孢茎腐病抗性的r值为0.84,表明2种接种方法的评价结果具有高度的相关性,但注射接种的玉米发病程度更充分。2018—2020年,在北京昌平、河南长葛和河南原阳,利用茎基部注射法对690份玉米种质进行了腐霉茎腐病抗性精准鉴定,表明各鉴定点的材料均发病充分,大部分表现感病或高感,仅有3.5%的种质表现出稳定抗性。6个环境条件下玉米对腐霉茎腐病抗性的相关系数为0.46—0.72,同一年度(2018、2019和2020年)2个鉴定点之间的r值分别为0.66、0.60和0.65;3个年度间种质综合抗性的相关系数为0.67、0.84和0.87,表明3年各点的鉴定结果具有较好的一致性。精准鉴定出24份对腐霉茎腐病具有稳定抗性的种质(冀资H676、辽2235、冀资14L88、冀资14L101、丹337、M02N-23、Y1747、HRB16232、T628358等)。在辽宁沈阳、吉林公主岭、吉林梨树3个鉴定点共6个环境条件下,对690份种质进行了抗镰孢茎腐病精准鉴定,�【Objective】The objective of this study is to establish and perfect the method for precise characterization of maize germplasm resistance to Pythium stalk rot(PSR) and Gibberella stalk rot(GSR), and then precisely evaluate maize accessions with rich genetic background for resistance to stalk rot, and to screen out resistant germplasm and provide valuable resources to the maize community for enhancing disease resistance.【Method】The total of 2 004 maize accessions with extensive genetic background were identified for resistance to stalk rot in multi-plot demonstration for three years under natural condition in order to preliminarily screen out germplasm with resistance or other excellent traits. Using drilling inoculation, precise evaluation of 690 maize germplasm for resistance to PSR and GSR was conducted at 6 different sites from 2018 to 2020.【Result】During 2016-2018, 508 accessions with different resistance to stalk rot were identified at multiple sites in non-inoculated fields, including 79, 106, and 323 highly resistant,resistant, and moderately resistant germplasm, respectively. The method of drilling inoculation at the base of stem for precise characterization of maize resistance to stalk rot was established and perfected. Correlation coefficient(r) between soil inoculation and drilling inoculation for screening of maize resistance to PSR was 0.87, with 0.84 for GSR, indicating strong correlation between maize resistance to stalk rot identified by drilling inoculation and soil inoculation. Compared with soil inoculation, the severity of stalk rot on maize treated with drilling inoculation is higher. The precise resistance evaluation of 690 maize accessions to PSR was conducted with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments in Changping of Beijing, Changge of Henan, and Yuanyang of Henan from 2018 to 2020. The incidence of PSR was considerable and the majority of accessions were susceptible or highly susceptible,merely 3.5% of maize exhibited stable PSR resistance. Correlation coefficient o

关 键 词：玉米种质 腐霉茎腐病 镰孢茎腐病 茎基部注射接种 自然发病鉴定 精准鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.131.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]