嗜碱假单胞菌Ej2对稻瘟病的防治效果及对水稻内源激素的影响  

Control Efficacy of Pseudomonas alcaliphila Strain Ej2 Against Rice Blast and Its Effect on Endogenous Hormones in Rice

作　　者：沙月霞[1] 黄泽阳 马瑞 SHA YueXia;HUANG ZeYang;MA Rui(Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750011)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川750011

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第2期320-328,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金(2020AAC03317);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201606);宁夏重点研发计划(2018BBF02018-06);宁夏青年拔尖人才培养工程。

摘　　要：【目的】明确水稻内生菌嗜碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaliphila)菌株Ej2对镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.)等病原菌的抑菌效果,重点研究对稻瘟病的防治作用及对水稻内源激素的影响,为稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)杀菌剂的研发提供新的生防菌资源。【方法】嗜碱假单胞菌菌株Ej2分离于水稻叶片,采用对峙培养法测试该菌株对稻瘟病菌以及对镰孢菌、草莓炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeospoioides)、链格孢苹果专化型(Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali)BJ-A5和草莓黑斑病菌(A. alternata) BJ-ST24等病原真菌的抑菌效果,并检测其挥发性物质对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用以及发酵液对水稻种子萌发的促进作用,盆栽法检测对水稻叶瘟的温室防治效果,通过小区试验验证对叶瘟和穗颈瘟的田间防治效果及对水稻的促生效果,采用基于MRM方法的靶向代谢组学技术检测发酵液喷施3次对胁迫激素、细胞分裂素等水稻内源激素的影响。【结果】嗜碱假单胞菌菌株Ej2及其挥发性物质对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长具有显著拮抗作用,对水稻叶瘟的温室防治效果为78.26%,与75%三环唑可湿性粉剂无显著差异;对叶瘟和穗颈瘟的田间防治效果分别为75.07%—83.67%和62.79%—75.09%,对叶瘟的田间防治效果与稻瘟酰胺有显著差异,对穗颈瘟的田间防治效果与稻瘟酰胺无显著差异。菌株Ej2对西瓜枯萎病菌(F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum)、茄镰孢(F. solani)、串珠镰孢(F. moniliforme)、草莓炭疽病菌、链格孢苹果专化型和草莓黑斑病菌5种植物病原真菌具有抑菌活性。与清水对照相比,Ej2发酵液显著增加水稻种子萌发率、株高和穗重;喷施3次后,植物胁迫激素中的乙烯(ETH)和脱落酸(ABA)含量显著增加,细胞分裂素中的玉米素核苷(czR)、反式玉米素核苷(tZR)和异戊烯基腺嘌呤核苷(iPR)激素含量显著下降,植物生长素(IAA)、茉莉酸(JA)、顺反茉莉酸类激素(cis-OPDA)、茉莉酸-异亮氨【Objective】The objective of this study is to clarify the antagonist activity of Pseudomonas alcaliphila strain Ej2 against various phytopathogens(Fusarium spp., etc.) in vitro, focusing on the control efficacy of P. alcaliphila strain Ej2 against rice blast and influences of endogenous hormones in rice plant. The result will provide new biological control resources for the research and development of fungicides against rice blast.【Method】P. alcaliphila strain Ej2 was isolated from rice leaf tissue. Antagonistic action of strain Ej2 against Magnaporthe oryzae and other pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum gloeospoioides,Alternaria alternata which can cause apple spot fallen leaf disease and strawberry black spot, etc, was determined by dual culture assay. In addition, antagonistic activity of volatile substance produced by P. alcaliphila strain Ej2 against M. oryzae and promoting efficacy of fermentation broth increasing the germinating rate of rice seeds were tested in the experiment. The control efficacy of strain Ej2 was determined for the control of rice leaf blast under greenhouse condition by pot-culture method. The plot experiments were conducted to verify the growth promoting effect on rice and control efficacy against leaf blast and neck blast of strain Ej2.Targeted metabonomics based on MRM method was used to detect the effect of strain Ej2 on endogenous hormones in rice plant such as stress hormone and cytokinin after spraying fermentation broth for three times.【Result】The strain and volatile substance significantly suppressed the hypha growth rate of M. oryzae P131. The control efficacy against rice blast under greenhouse condition was 78.26% and it had no significant difference with 75% tricyclazole wettable powder. The control efficacy against rice leaf blast and neck blast in fields was 75.07%-83.67% and 62.79%-75.09%, respectively. It had a significant difference between the control efficacy of strain Ej2 and 20% fenoxanil suspending agent against rice leaf blast, but

关 键 词：嗜碱假单胞菌 稻瘟病 生物防治 植物病原真菌 水稻内源激素 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]