河南省小麦新品种品质性状分析  

Analysis of Quality Characters of New Wheat Varieties in Henan Province

作　　者：朱红彩[1] 黄金华[1] 马海涛[1] 王玲燕[1] 窦士树[1] 张素平[1] 郑秋道[1] 范永胜[1] ZHU Hong-cai;HUANG Jin-hua;MA Hai-tao(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang,Henan 453003)

机构地区：[1]河南省新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第3期43-45,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：为了解河南省小麦新品种的品质状况,对2018—2020年河南省审定的178个小麦品种进行品质性状分析。结果表明,蛋白质含量、容重、湿面筋含量和吸水率的平均值较高且变异系数较小,稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力平均值较小且变异系数较大,其中稳定时间变异系数最大(72.83%);各指标达到中强筋以上标准的品种比例由高到低依次为蛋白质含量(92.2%)、湿面筋含量(68.0%)、吸水率(50.6%)、最大拉伸阻力(14.0%)、稳定时间(13.5%)、拉伸面积(10.1%);2018—2020年审定的178个品种中达到强筋、中强筋、中筋、弱筋的品种数量依次是5、7、165、1个,达到优质强筋和优质弱筋的数量极少。拉伸面积、最大拉伸阻力、稳定时间是制约强筋和中强筋品种育种的重要指标,蛋白质和湿面筋含量是弱筋品种育种的重要指标。因此,河南省优质强筋小麦育种目标应以稳定蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和吸水率,提高拉伸面积、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力为主攻方向。培育优质弱筋小麦品种应选用蛋白质和湿面筋含量低的亲本,加强优质小麦种资资源的有效利用,提高育种成效。To understand the quality status of new wheat varieties in Henan Province,the quality traits of 178 wheat varieties approved in Henan Province during 2018-2020 were analyzed.Results showed that the average values of protein content,bulk density,wet gluten content and water absorption were relatively high and their coefficient of variation was small.The average stability time,tensile area and maximum tensile resistance were relatively small and their coefficient of variation was large.The coefficient of variation of stable time was the largest(72.83%).The proportions of varieties reaching above the standard of medium and strong were in the order of protein content(92.2%)>wet gluten content(68.0%)>water absorption rate(50.6%)>maximum tensile resistance(14.0%)>stabilization time(13.5%)>tensile area(10.1%).Among 178 varieties approved in 2018-2020,the number of varieties with strong tendons,medium strong tendons,medium tendons and weak tendons was 5,7,165 and 1,respectively.The number of high quality strong and weak tendons were rare.Stretching area,maximum tensile resistance and stabilization time were the important indexes to restrict the breeding of strong and medium strong gluten varieties.Protein and wet gluten content were important indexes of weak gluten breeding.As a result,the breeding target of high quality strong gluten wheat in Henan Province should be stable protein content,wet gluten content and water absorption.Increasing the tensile area,stabilizing time and maximum tensile resistance were the main attacking directions.Parents with low protein and wet gluten content should be selected to breed high quality weak gluten wheat varieties,to strengthen the effective use of seed resources of high quality wheat,and to improve breeding efficiency.

关 键 词：小麦新品种 品质性状 河南省 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]