泸沽湖浮游生物多样性及垂直变化规律研究  

Diversity and vertical variation of plankton in Lugu Lake

作　　者：黄朔 陈远超 李丹洁 李连翔 HUANG Shuo;CHEN Yuanchao;LI Danjie;LI Lianxiang(College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization,Southwest Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation for Minimal Population in Universities of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China;Provincial Nature Reserve Management Bureau of Lugu Lake,Ninglang 674300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室/西南林业大学生物多样性保护与利用学院,云南昆明650224 [2]泸沽湖省级自然保护区管护局,云南宁蒗674300

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2022年第1期22-32,共11页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860603);云南省科技厅农业联合面上项目(2017FG001-31);云南省重点学科野生动植物保护与利用(XKZ200904);云南省林学一流学科建设项目(51600625)。

摘　　要：2020年1月、5月、9月利用系统抽样法对泸沽湖浮游生物多样性、密度和生物量进行调查,并对浮游生物密度垂直变化规律进行研究,为泸沽湖渔业管理、珍稀濒危鱼类的生境恢复及水生生态环境保护提供科学依据。调查共鉴定浮游生物243种,其中浮游植物7门10纲23目41科85属148种,小转板藻(Mougeotia parvula)、克洛脆杆藻(Fragilaria crotonensis)为主要优势类群;浮游动物12目28科58属95种,透明溞(Daphnia hyaline)、方形网纹溞(Ceriodaphnia quadrangular)为主要优势类群。由于水质变化及人为干扰,泸沽湖浮游生物物种组成已发生一定程度变化。浮游动植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)与Pielou均匀度指数(J’)在各采样月份波动一致,均为1月>5月>9月。浮游生物密度与生物量在不同采样月份呈现较大差异,浮游植物密度9月>5月>1月,而各采样月份浮游动物的密度差别较小,浮游植物生物量1月>9月>5月,浮游动物生物量5月>9月>1月,相关分析结果显示,在5月和9月,捕食关系密切的物种之间在密度和生物量上均表现出显著的正相关。浮游生物密度垂直变化规律研究表明:浮游生物密度的垂直变化与泸沽湖水体温度的垂直变化有密切关系,浮游植物密度在1月和5月随着水层深度的增加先升高后降低,而在9月先降低后升高;浮游动物密度在1月随着水层深度的增加而降低,在5月先升高后降低,在9月先降低后升高;浮游动植物关系在不同水层也有一定的差异。初步推断温度的垂直变化是影响部分水层中浮游动植物分布以及两者关系的重要因素。To provide scientific basis for the fishery management,the habitat restoration of rare and endangered fish,and the aquatic ecological environment protection in Lugu Lake,we investigated the biodiversity,density and biomass of plankton in Lugu Lake in January,May and September of 2020 by using the systematic sampling method.Meanwhile,we studied the vertical variation of plankton density.A total of 148 species of phytoplankton had been identified,which belonged to 7 Phyla,10 Classes,23 Orders,41 Families and 85 Genera,among which Mougeotia parvula and Fragilaria crotonensis were the main dominant phytoplanktons.A total of 95 species of zooplankton had been identified,which belonged to 12 Orders,28 Families and 58 Genera,among which Daphnia hyalina and Ceriodaphnia quadrangula were the main dominant zooplanktons.The species composition of plankton in Lugu Lake had changed to some extent due to water quality change and human disturbance.The phytoplankton Shannon-Wiener index(H’)and Pielou evenness index(J’)were consistent in the sampling months,with a descending order of January>May>September.The density and biomass of plankton were significantly different in the sampling months,and the density of phytoplankton followed a descending order of September>May>January.The density of zooplankton varied little in the sampling months.The phytoplankton biomass followed a descending order of January>September>May.The zooplankton biomass followed a descending order of May>September>January.The results of correlation analysis show that in May and September,there were significant positive correlations in the density and biomass between species with close predation relationship.The vertical variation of plankton in Lugu Lake shows that the vertical variation of plankton was related to the appearance and movement of thermodynamic stratification in the lake.With the increase of water depth:1)The density of phytoplankton first increased and then decreased in January and May,but first decreased then increased in September.2)The de

关 键 词：浮游生物 多样性指数 垂直变化 生物量 季节变化 泸沽湖 

分 类 号：Q179.1[生物学—水生生物学]