生防菌组合防控精品西瓜枯萎病的效果初探  

A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Combination of Biocontrol Agents Against Watermelon Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum

作　　者：蓝建荣 黄杰豪 黄石连 李锦旋 田凯 刘青 吴健雄[3] 郑丽 LAN Jianrong;HUANG Jiehao;HUANG Shilian;LI Jinxuan;TIAN Kai;LIU Qing;WU Jianxiong;ZHENG Li(Innovative Institute for Plant Health/College of Agriculture and Biology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering/Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Substainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests,Guangzhou 510225,China;Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangzhou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510140,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院植物健康创新研究院/仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院/广东省普通高校果蔬病虫害绿色防控重点实验室,广东广州510225 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]中国热带农业科学院广州实验站,广东广州510140

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第1期94-104,共11页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(202002030278);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项自主立项与高新技术(1630112019004);广东省科技创新战略专项资金“攀登计划”项目(pdjh2020b0288)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出对精品西瓜枯萎病具有防效的生防菌组合。【方法】将实验室筛选的5种生防菌株23(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、25(Exiguobacterium acetylicum)、28(B.pumilus)、37(B.licheniformis)、156(B.cereus)分别进行复配获得31个组合,通过平板对峙试验和分隔平板研究生防菌及其菌源VOCs的平板抑菌效果,测定其对西瓜种子和幼苗生长的影响,以及通过盆栽试验测定其对西瓜枯萎病的效果。【结果】31个生防菌组合对西瓜枯萎病菌的平板颉颃具有显著差异,其中组合28(23+28+37+156)抑菌率达68.06%;组合13(28+37)的菌源VOCs抑菌率可达41.60%;各组合预处理的西瓜种子和幼苗出苗率与对照无显著差异,但随着组合的复配单菌数量增加,种子萌发率和子叶出土率呈现下降趋势;盆栽试验中,各组合对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果存在差异,其中组合22(25+28+37)的防治效果高达61.1%。【结论】生防菌组合对西瓜枯萎病菌的平板颉颃和盆栽防治效果存在差异,预测2个或3个单菌复配的效果可能最佳,且颉颃型组合更利于防病。【Objective】The study was carried out to screen ef fective combinations of biocontrol agents against wa termelon Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum【Method】Five biocontrol agents including 23(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),25(Exiguobacterium acetylicum),28(Bacillus pumilus),37(Bacillus licheniformis)and 156(Bacillus cereus)were combined to obtain 31 combinations.The plate bacteriostasis effects of biocontrol agents and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)produced by each combination were studied via dual-culture test and separation plate,then the effect of each combination on the germination rate of watermelon seeds and the growth of seedlings as well as the biocontrol efficacy of these combinations against watermelon Fusarium wilt were determined.【Result】The 31 combinations showed significant inhibition effect on FON growth,among which the inhibition rate of C28 was 68.06%,while the VOCs produced by C13(28+37)was 41.60%.There was no significant difference in the germination rates of watermelon seeds pre-treated by various combinations and CK group,however,the gemination rate of seeds and emergence rate of cotyledons presented a decreasing trended with the increase of the number of single isolates.In the pot test,there were differences in the control effects of various combinations against watermelon Fusarium wilt,and the C22 had the highest control efficacy of 61.1%.【Conclusion】There were differences in the plate antagonism and pot control effects of 31 biocontrol combinations against watermelon Fusarium wilt,and it was predicted that the combination formed by two or three single isolates had the best effect,and the antagonistic combinations are more beneficial to disease control.

关 键 词：西瓜枯萎病 生防菌组合 平板颉颃 互作类型 种子萌发 盆栽防效 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]