近50a来新疆孔雀河灌区地下水流系统演变特征  

Evolution characteristics of groundwater flow systems in the past 50 years in Kongqi River irrigation district, Xinjiang, China

作　　者：韩鹏飞 王旭升[1] 张俊[2] 万力[1] 陈劲松[1] 余堃 Han Pengfei;Wang Xusheng;Zhang Jun;Wan Li;Chen Jinsong;Yu Kun(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory for Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas,Xi'an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心干旱半干旱区地下水与生态重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2022年第1期109-118,共10页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41772249,41672242);中国地质调查局地调项目(DD20190351)。

摘　　要：新疆孔雀河灌区面临地下水超采问题,科学认识区域地下水流系统的发育条件和演变特征,是优化地下水资源开发利用方式的基础。通过构建第四系含水层三维地下水稳定流模型,利用流线追踪技术,模拟识别了孔雀河流域1970-2020年期间地下水流系统的变化特征。结果表明,不同补给区和排泄区通过流线进行组合,在孔雀河周边形成了交错分布的地下水流系统,其空间分布格局随灌区地下水开采规模而变化。在20世纪70年代的拟天然状态,灌区主要发育自北向南的地下水流系统,其空间分布格局取决于水文地质参数和排泄要素,并可能存在1~4个以孔雀河为排泄带的流动系统。在有强烈地下水开采的现状条件下,灌区地下水流系统转变为从四周流向漏斗中心,截断了从孔雀河上游渗漏到中下游河道排泄的水流系统。近50 a来,以潜水蒸发为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积萎缩了29%,而以地下水开采为排泄方式的地下水流系统投影面积从零增加到研究区面积的40%。潜水蒸发对自然生态系统具有重要的支撑作用,灌区地下水开采应有所控制以保障潜水蒸发型地下水流系统的发育条件。The Kongqi River Irrigation District(KRID) in Xinjiang, China, has a serious problem of groundwater overexploitation.A scientific understanding of the development conditions and evolution characteristics of regional groundwater flow systems is the basis for optimizing the utilization of groundwater resources.The variation characteristics of groundwater flow systems in KRID,from 1970 to 2020,were simulated and identified via numerical modeling and streamlines tracing of the three-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow in the Quaternary aquifers.As indicated, a complex patterns of groundwater flow systems can be developed around the Kongqi River, with streamlines linking different recharge and discharge zones, varying with the pumping intensity of groundwater in KRID.In the 1970 s when the condition was close to a natural state, groundwater flow systems with north-to-south flow dominated the irrigation district, and the spatial pattern depended on hydrogeological parameters and recharge-discharge factors.There were possibly 1-4 flow systems discharge to the Kongqi River in the natural condition.Currently, groundwater is strongly exploited in the irrigation district, and groundwater flow systems are attracted by the groundwater withdrawal funnel with recharge from surrounding areas, cutting off the groundwater flow system with recharge from the leaking upper reaches of the Kongqi River and discharge into the middle-lower reaches.In the past 50 years, the projected area for groundwater flow systems of the phreatic evaporation discharge has decreased by 29%,while the projected area for groundwater flow systems of pumping discharge has increased from zero to 40% of the total model area.Phreatic evaporation plays an important role in supporting natural ecosystems.Therefore, groundwater exploitation should be controlled in the irrigation district, to maintain the development condition for groundwater flow systems of phreatic evaporation discharge.

关 键 词：水文地质 地下水开采 潜水蒸发 地下水流模拟 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]